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CLEARINGS  RELATING  TO  H.R.  4700,  TO  AMEND 
^  SECTION  11  OF  THE   SUBVERSIVE  ACTIVI- 
y  y     TIES  CONTROL  ACT  OF  1950,  AS  AMENDED 
y^  (THE  FUND  FOR  SOCIAL  ANALYSIS) 


HEARINGS 


BEFORE  THE 


COMMITTEE  ON  UN-AMERICAN  ACTIVITIES 


V,. 


HOUSE  OF  EEPRESENTATIYES 

EIGHTY-SEVENTH  CONGKESS 


FIRST  SESSION 


MAY  31,  JUNE  7,  AND  AUGUST  16,  1961 
INCLUDING  INDEX 


I'rinted  for  the  use  of  the  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities 


U.S.  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICH 
72930  WASHINGTON  :  1861 


COMMITTEE  ON  UN-AMERICAN  ACTIVITIES 

United  States  House  of  Repbesentatives 

FRANCIS  E.  WALTER,  Pennsylvania,  Chairman 
MORGAN  M.  MOULDER,  Missouri  GORDON  H.  SCHERER,  Ohio 

CLYDE  DOYLE,  California  AUGUST  E.  JOHANSEN,  Michigan 

EDWIN  E.  WILLIS,  Louisiana  DONALD  C.  BRUCE,  Indiana 

WILLIAM  M.  TUCK,  Virginia  HENRY  C.  SCHADEBERO,  Wisconsin 

P'rank  S.  Tavenner,  Je.,  Diredm 
Alfred  M.  Xitile,  Counsel 
John  C.  Walsh,  Co-counsel 
QwENN  lyEWB,  Administrative  AssistaiU 


CONTENTS 


Page 

Synopsis 1 

May  31,  1961:  Testimony  of: 

Annette  T.  Rubinstein 6 

Irving  Kaplan 36 

Afternoon  session: 

Trvins;  Kaplan  (resumed) 48 

Harrv  Samuel  MagdofF 54 

Stanley  Williams  Moore 61 

Russell  Arthur  Nixon 66 

Herbert  Aotheker 71 

June  7,  1961:  Testimony  of: 

Barrows  Dunham 94 

August  16,  1961:  Testimony  of: 

Isidore  Gibby  Needleman 101_ 

Index i 

ui 


Public  Law  601,  79th  Congress 

The  legislation  under  which  the  House  Committee  on  Un-Ameri- 
can Activities  operates  is  Public  Law  601,  79th  Congress  [1946] ;  60 
Stat.  812,  which  provides : 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States 
of  America  in  Congress  assembled,  *  *  * 

PART  2— RULES  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES 

Rule  X 

SEO.    121.   STANDING  COMMITTEES 

17.  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities,  to  consist  of  nine  Members. 

Rule  XI 

POWEBS   AND   DUTIES    OF   COMMITTEES 


(q)    (1)  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities. 

(A)   Un-American  activities. 

(2)  The  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities,  as  a  whole  or  by  subcommit- 
tee, is  authorized  to  make  from  time  to  time  investigations  of  (i)  the  extent, 
character,  and  objects  of  un-American  propaganda  activities  in  the  United  States, 
(ii)  the  diffusion  within  the  United  States  of  subversive  and  un-American  propa- 
ganda that  is  instigated  from  foreign  countries  or  of  a  domestic  origin  and  attacks 
the  principle  of  the  form  of  government  as  guaranteed  by  our  Constitution,  and 
(iii)  all  other  questions  in  relation  thereto  that  would  aid  Congress  in  any  nec- 
essary remedial  legislation. 

The  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities  shall  report  to  the  House  (or  to  the 
Clerk  of  the  House  if  the  House  is  not  in  session)  the  results  of  any  such  investi- 
gation, together  with  such  recommendations  as  it  deems  advisable. 

For  the  purpose  of  any  such  investigation,  the  Committee  on  Un-American 
Activities,  or  any  subcommittee  thereof,  is  authorized  to  sit  and  act  at  such 
times  and  places  within  the  United  States,  whether  or  not  the  House  is  sitting, 
has  recessed,  or  has  adjourned,  to  hold  such  hearings,  to  require  the  attendance 
of  such  witnesses  and  the  production  of  such  books,  papers,  and  documents,  and 
to  take  such  testimony,  as  it  deems  necessary.  Subpenas  may  be  issued  under 
the  signature  of  the  chairman  of  the  committee  or  any  subcommittee,  or  by  any 
member  designated  by  any  such  chairman,  and  may  be  served  by  any  person 
designated  by  any  such  chairman  or  member. 

41  :):  *  *  *  •  * 

Rule  XII 

LEGISLATIVE    OVEESIQHT    BY    STANDING    COMMITTEES 

Sec.  136.  To  assist  the  Congress  in  appraising  the  administration  of  the  laws 
and  in  developing  such  amendments  or  related  legislation  as  it  may  deem  neces- 
sary, each  standing  committee  of  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives 
shall  exercise  continuous  watchfulness  of  the  execution  by  the  administrative 
agencies  concerned  of  any  laws,  the  subject  matter  of  which  is  within  the  juris- 
diction of  such  committee ;  and,  for  that  purpose,  shall  study  all  pertinent  reports 
and  data  submitted  to  the  Congress  by  the  agencies  in  the  executive  branch  of 
the  Government. 

IV 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  V 

RULES  ADOPTED  BY  THE  87TH  CONGRESS 
House  Resolution  8,  January  3,  1961 

*  *>*:***  * 

RtTLE  X 
STANDING   COMMITTEES 

1.  There  shall  be  elected  by  the  House,  at  the  commencement  of  each 
Congress, 

******* 

(r)    Committee  on  Un-American  Activities,   to  consist  of  nine  Members. 
******* 

Rule  XI 

POWERS   AND   DUTIES   OF   COMMITTEES 
******* 

18.  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities. 

(a)  Un-American  activities. 

(b)  The  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities,  as  a  whole  or  by  subcommittee, 
is  authorized  to  malie  from  time  to  time  investigations  of  (1)  the  extent,  char- 
acter, and  objects  of  un-American  propaganda  activities  in  the  United  States, 
(2)  the  difEusion  within  the  United  States  of  subversive  and  un-American  prop- 
aganda that  is  instigated  from  foreign  countries  or  of  a  domestic  origin  and 
attacks  the  principle  of  the  form  of  government  as  guaranteed  by  our  Constitu- 
tion, and  (3)  all  other  questions  in  relation  thereto  that  would  aid  Congress 
in  any  necessary  remedial  legislation. 

The  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities  shall  report  to  the  House  (or  to  the 
Clerk  of  the  House  if  the  House  is  not  in  session)  the  results  of  any  such  investi- 
gation, together  with  such  recommendations  as  it  deems  advisable. 

For  the  purpose  of  any  such  investigation,  the  Committee  on  Un-American 
Activities,  or  any  subcommittee  thereof,  is  authorized  to  sit  and  act  at  such  times 
and  places  within  the  United  States,  whether  or  not  the  House  is  sitting,  has 
recessed,  or  has  adjourned,  to  hold  such  hearings,  to  require  the  attendance 
of  such  witnesses  and  the  production  of  such  books,  papers,  and  documents,  and 
to  take  such  testimony,  as  it  deems  necessary.  Subpenas  may  be  issued  under 
the  signature  of  the  chairman  of  the  committee  or  any  subcommittee,  or  by  any 
member  designated  by  any  such  chairman,  and  may  be  served  by  any  person 
designated  by  any  such  chairman  or  member. 

*  H:  *  *  *  *  * 

27.  To  assist  the  House  in  appraising  the  administration  of  the  laws  and  in 
developing  such  amendments  or  related  legislation  as  it  may  deem  necessary, 
each  standing  committee  of  the  House  shall  exercise  continuous  watchfulness 
of  the  execution  by  the  adminstrative  agencies  concerned  of  any  laws,  the  subject 
matter  of  which  is  within  the  jurisdiction  of  such  committee;  and,  for  that 
purpose,  shall  study  all  pertinent  reports  and  data  submitted  to  the  House  by 
the  agencies  in  the  executive  branch  of  the  Government. 


SYNOPSIS 

The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  and  its  officers  were  the  subject  of 
hearings  by  the  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities  starting  on 
May  31, 1961.  Officers  of  this  organization  were  subpenaed  to  produce 
correspondence  and  records  of  account,  because  an  investigation  con- 
ducted into  the  activities  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  indicated 
that  it  was  being  operated  as  a  Communist  propaganda  organization. 

The  hearings  confirmed  that  the  organization,  typical  of  a  Com- 
munist organization  as  described  in  the  chairman's  opening  statement, 
maintained  no  files  or  correspondence,  no  records  of  contributions,  no 
records  of  disbursements,  other  than  grants.  Even  in  respect  to  grants 
the  checkbook  stub  and  canceled  checks  submitted  by  the  treasurer, 
Irving  Kaplan,  failed  to  reflect  any  payment  to  one  Paul  A.  Baran, 
to  whom  the  organization  claimed  it  had  awarded  $1500. 

Dr.  Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  secretary  for  The  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis,  had  been  subpenaed  to  produce  certain  documents  of  the 
organization  that  would  normally  be  in  the  custody  of  an  organiza- 
tional secretary.  When  asked  to  produce  these  documents  in  com- 
pliance with  the  subpena,  she  stated  that  none  were  in  her  possession 
at  the  time  she  was  served.  She  refused  to  testify  as  to  whether  the 
documents  were  ever  in  her  possession  or  whether  she,  as  secretary  of 
the  organization,  ever  prepared  certain  documents  called  for  in  the 
subpena.  Dr.  Rubinstein  also  refused  to  answer  questions  with  respect 
to  the  identity  of  individuals  responsible  for  the  formation  of  the 
organization;  questions  with  respect  to  its  officers;  questions  with 
respect  to  her  knowledge  of  individuals  selected  to  receive  gi'ants,  in- 
cluding whether  or  not  she  knew  Herbert  Aptheker,  the  recipient  of 
an  award  of  $1000  from  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  was  a  member 
of  the  National  Committee  of  the  Communist  Party  at  the  time  the 
grant  was  made  to  him.  She  likewise  refused  to  answer  questions 
relating  to  her  membership  in  the  Communist  Party,  as  well  as  to  her 
relationship  with  the  now  defunct  Communist-controlled  Jefferson 
School  of  Social  Science. 

Irving  Kaplan,  treasurer,  was  subpenaed  to  produce  books  of 
account  of  the  Fund.  After  refusing  to  identify  himself  as  the 
treasurer  of  the  organization  or  his  signature  as  filed  with  The  Amal- 
gamated Bank  of  New  York,  Kaplan  produced  bank  statements,  can- 
celed checks,  and  the  bank  book  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis. 
He  refused  to  testify  in  response  to  questions  relating  to  receipts  and 
disbursements.  Kaplan  refused  to  answer  questions  relating  to  his 
membei-ship  in  the  Communist  Party. 

Hari-y  Samuel  Magdoff,  president,  was  subpenaed  to  produce  the 
documents  also  sought  from  Secretary  Rubinstein  and  Treasurer  Kap- 
lan. Like  his  fellow  officers,  he  claimed  that  no  records  were  in  his 
possession  at  the  time  his  subpena  was  served  upon  him.  Similarly, 
he  refused  to  answer  questions  as  to  whether  the  documents  were  ever 
in  his  possession.     He  also  refused  to  answer  questions  as  to  the  identity 


2  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

of  other  persons  who  might  jpossess  tlie  documents  subpenaed  by  the 
committee.  It  was  evident  from  the  testimony  of  the  organization 
officers,  inchiding  its  president,  that  no  permanent  records  were  ever 
maintained  by  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis.  Magdoff  refused  to 
answer  all  questions  relating  to  the  identity  of  individuals  respon- 
sible for  the  formation  of  tlie  organization.  He  refused  to  testify 
about  his  membei-ship  in  the  Communist  Party  and  also  as  to  the 
knowledge  he  possessed  of  the  Communist  affiliations  of  those  individ- 
uals identified  in  the  organization's  publications  as  members  of  its 
Awards  Committee. 

The  Awards  Committee,  according  to  official  publications  of  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  was  responsible  for  the  consideration  of  ap- 
plications and  the  granting  of  awards.  It  was  comprised  of  the  above 
officers  and  also  the  following  individuals  who  were  subpenaed  before 
the  committee :  Stanley  Moore,  Russell  Nixon,  and  Barrows  Dunham. 
These  responsible  associates  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  refused 
to  answer  most  questions  asked  them  by  the  committee  for  the  purpose 
of  ascertaining  the  procedures  followed  in  the  granting  of  awards. 
Moore  and  Nixon  refused  to  testify  as  to  their  membership  in  the 
Communist  Party. 

Herbert  Aptheker,  who  received  a  grant  of  $1000  from  The  Fund 
for  Social  Analysis,  was  also  subpenaed.  Aptheker  refused  to  answ^er 
questions  relating  to  (1)  his  membership  on  the  National  Committee 
of  the  Communist  Party,  (2)  editorship  of  the  Communist  publication 
Political  Affairs,  and  (3)  directorship  of  the  latest  Communist  in- 
doctrination vehicle,  The  New  York  School  for  Marxist  Studies. 
Aptheker  refused  to  answer  questions  with  respect  to  the  Communist- 
controlled  schools,  the  Jefferson  School  of  Social  Science  and  the 
Faculty  of  Social  Science. 

Isidore  Gibby  Needleman  operated  a  law^  office  in  Suite  2800,  165 
Broadway,  New  York  City.  This  was  the  address  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis,  according  to  its  official  publications.  Officers  of  the 
Fmid  questioned  about  their  organizational  set-up  refused  to  answer 
questions  relating  to  the  Fund's  use  of  the  law  office  of  ]\f  r.  Needleman. 

The  committee  subpenaed  John  Lautner,  a  former  official  of  the 
Communist  Party  of  the  U.S.,  and  questioned  him  about  his  knowledge 
of  Isidore  Needleman.  Lautner,  appearing  in  executive  session,  not 
only  identified  Needleman  as  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party 
but  as  one  of  its  functionaries  wdio  approached  him  in  1948  or  1949 
seeking  special  consideration  for  a  Communist  named  Miriam  Mos- 
kowitz.  At  that  time,  Lautner  headed  the  Control  Commission  of 
the  New  York  State  Communist  Party  which  was  considering  the 
explusion  of  Miriam  Moskowitz.  According  to  Lautner's  testimony, 
Needleman  urged  that  the  expulsion  charges  against  Miriam  Mos- 
kowitz be  dropped,  assuring  Lautner  that  she  was  engaged  in  an 
important  party  assignment. 

It  will  be  noted  from  Needleman's  testimony  that  he  charged  the 
committee  with  attempting  to  smear  but,  at  the  same  time,  refused  to 
answer  questions  relating  to  his  membership  in  the  Communist  Party 
and  also  refused  to  answer  any  question  based  on  the  sworn  testimony 
of  John  Lautner.  It  will  be  further  noted  that  Needleman  improperly 
invoked  attorney-client  relationship  as  his  reason  for  refusing  to 
answer  many  questions  relating  to  his  knowledge  of  the  operation  of 
The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis. 


HEARINGS  RELATING  TO  H.R.  4700,  TO  AMEND  SEC- 
TION 11  OF  THE  SUBVERSIVE  ACTIVITIES  CONTROL 
ACT  OF  1950,  AS  AMENDED 

(The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis) 


WEDNESDAY,  IVLAY  31,   1961 

United  States  House  or  Representatives, 

Subcommittee  of  the 
Committee  on  Un-American  Actiyittes, 

Washington.,  D.G. 

PUBLIC   HEARINGS 

A  subcommittee  of  the  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities  met, 
pursuant  to  call,  at  10  a.m.,  in  the  Caucus  Room,  Old  House  Office 
Building,  Washington,  D.C.,  Hon.  Francis  E.  Walter  (chairman  of 
the  committee)  presiding. 

Subcommittee  members:  Representatives  Francis  E.  Walter,  of 
Pennsylvania,  chairman ;  Morgan  M.  Moulder  of  Missouri ;  and  Gor- 
don H.  Scherer,  of  Ohio. 

Committee  members  present :  Representatives  Francis  E.  Walter,  of 
Pennsylvania;  Morgan  M.  Moulder,  of  Missouri;  Clyde  Doyle,  of 
California ;  Edwin  E.  Willis,  of  Louisiana ;  William  M.  Tuck,  of  Vir- 
ginia; Gordon  H.  Scherer,  of  Ohio;  and  Henry  C.  Schadeberg,  of 
Wisconsin.     (Appearances  as  noted.) 

Staff  members  present:  Frank  S.  Tavenner,  Jr.,  director,  and 
Donald  T.  Appell,  investigator. 

(Present  at  opening  of  hearing:  Representatives  Walter,  Doyle, 
Scherer,  and  Schadeberg.) 

The  Chairman.  The  suDcommittee  will  be  in  order. 

Many  hearings  held  by  the  committee  over  the  past  several  years 
have  documented  the  volume  of  Communist  propaganda  being  printed 
in  the  Soviet  Union  and  its  satellite  countries  for  dissemination  in 
the  United  States.  The  methods  used  to  import  this  propaganda 
have  also  been  documented.  In  an  effort  to  curb  this  abuse,  I  have 
offered  H.R.  5751,  which  is  presently  on  the  Consent  Calendar.  This 
bill  is  identical  with  the  one  which  passed  the  House  in  the  86th  Con- 
gress, but  did  not  reach  a  vote  in  the  Senate. 

We  do  not  believe  that  Communist  propaganda  will  be  fully  con- 
trolled by  this  bill,  or  for  that  matter  by  any  bill.  A  Communist 
propaganda  offensive  is  being  waged  both  from  without  and  from 
within  this  country  in  many  different  fields,  and  this  committee  has 
endeavored  and  will  continue  in  its  efforts  to  aid  the  Congress  in  its 
consideration  of  necessary  remedial  legislation  to  control  this  Com- 
munist weapon. 

8 


4  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

Prior  to  1947,  scores  of  Comnmnist.-front  organizations,  engaged  in 
propaganda  activities,  enjoyed  tax-exempt  status.  Moneys  donated 
to  such  organizations  were  deductible  on  the  income  tax  returns  of 
individual  and  corporate  donors.  In  1947,  tlie  Commissioner  of 
Internal  Revenue,  acting  on  the  findings  of  the  Attorney  General, 
removed  the  tax-exempt  status  of  those  organizations  which  the  At- 
torney General  found  to  be  subversive. 

This  was  thought  to  be  the  coup  which  would  fold  most  of  these 
subversive  organizations,  but,  as  we  know,  it  did  not.  Most  of  the 
organizations  continued  to  flourish  even  at  the  start  with  a  reduced 
budget.  It  was  not  until  organizations  were  found  to  be  subversive 
by  the  Subversive  Activities  Control  Board  that  many  ceased  to  exist, 
at  least  nnder  the  name  by  which  they  had  been  known  for  years. 

(At  this  point  Mr.  Moulder  entered  the  hearing  room.) 

The  Chatriman.  However,  even  such  a  finding  did  not  bring  about 
the  demise  of  the  American  Committee  for  Protection  of  Foreign 
Born.  Newly  named  organizations  are  cropping  up  daily  to  replace 
those  which  have  served  their  purpose. 

None  of  these  propaganda  organs  died  from  the  lack  of  income. 
The}^  were  discontinued  because  they  had  served  their  purpose  or 
because  the  citation  as  subversive  lemoved  their  acceptability  to  the 
general  public. 

Years  have  now  passed  since  the  Attorney  General  has  cited  an 
organization  as  subversive.  The  limitation  placed  upon  his  office 
by  the  courts  is  having  the  effect  of  stopping  further  citations.  The 
courts'  delay  in  passing  upon  the  provisions  of  the  Subversive  Activi- 
ties Control  Act  of  1950,  and  the  years  it  takes  between  a  hearing 
before  the  Subversive  Activities  Control  Board  and  the  issuance  of  a 
final  order,  have  all  worked  to  the  advantage  of  Communist  organi- 
zations. Therefore,  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  needs 
authority  to  deny  tax  relief  to  these  organizations  immediately  upon 
their  formation. 

However,  denial  of  tax  exemption  has  not,  and  will  never  bring 
about  the  elimination  of  propaganda  organizations.  Preliminary 
investigations  by  the  committee  ha^e  uncovered  the  fact  that  one  or- 
ganization has  solicited  over  the  period  of  less  than  5  years,  over  a 
quarter  of  a  million  dollars.  This  money  has  been  used  almost  ex- 
clusively in  the  dissemination  of  propaganda  in  defense  of  the  Com- 
munist Party  and  its  members,  and  in  the  furtherance  of  Communist 
Party  objectives.  Its  principal  income  has  not  been  taxable  because 
it  is  derived  from  gifts  or  contributions.  The  organization  does  not 
seek  tax  exemption.  It  files  a  return  which  excludes  gifts  or  contri- 
tributions  from  tax  computation.  Thus,  the  expenses  exceed  the  tax- 
able income  and  no  tax  is  due  the  United  States. 

We  have  found  that  many  organizations  engaged  in  subversive 
propaganda  do  not  bother  to  even  file  a  return.  They  likewise  do 
not  bother  to  maintain  records  and  thereby  place  a  burden  on  the 
Internal  Revenue  Service  of  proving  the  amount  of  income  received 
and  the  source  thereof.  In  the  caae  of  one  organization,  when  the 
Internal  Revenue  Service  made  inquiry  as  to  why  no  return  had  been 
filed,  it  refused  to  make  its  records  available  for  examination.  By  the 
time  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  demanded  the  production  of  the 
records,  the  oriranization   had  been  abolished.     Within  montlis  the 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    19  50  5 

same  people,  orcranized  under  a  new  name,  were  back  working  on 
behalf  of  commmiism. 

Based  on  this  preliminaiy  evidence,  I  introduced  H.R.  4700,  to 
amend  section  11  of  the  Subversive  Activities  Control  Act  of  1950. 
This  legislation  is  designed  to  place  in  t\ie  hands  of  the  Internal 
Revenue  Service  authority  to  ])roceed  immediately  against  Commun- 
ist action,  as  ^vell  as  Communist-front,  organizations.  It  further 
provides  that  contributions  made  to  such  organizations  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  taxable  income,  and  further,  that  money  expended  in  carry- 
ing out  subversive  propaganda  shall  not  be  deductible. 

The  purpose  in  calling  the  officers  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 
is  to  determine  whether  the  organization  is  using  funds  contributed 
to  it  for  Conniiujiist  propaganda  purposes  or  other  Communist  Party 
objectives,  and  if  so,  whether  or  not  the  use  of  funds  for  such  pur- 
poses by  this  and  other  organizations  justifies  the  enactment  of  H.R. 
4Y00,  which  has  been  referred  to  this  committee. 

An  additional  purpose  of  the  liearing  is  to  ascertain  whether  or 
not  the  witness,  aside  from  any  relationship  he  might  have  with  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  is  engaged  in  activities  in  behalf  of  the 
Communist  Party  of  the  United  States  or  the  international  Com- 
munist movement. 

The  committee  is  not  in  any  sense  interested  in  restricting  bona 
fide  research  and  st;idy  of  communism.  In  fact,  it  has  encouraged  an 
objective  study  and  teaching  of  communism,  so  that  America  may 
better  understand  the  problems  that  communism  poses  throughout 
the  world. 

Among  the  witnesses  subpenaed  arc  three  officers  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis,  who  have  been  served  with  a  subpena  duces  tecum 
requiring  the  production  of  certain  records.  The  production  of  these 
records  is  being  sought  for  the  purpose  of  aiding  the  staff  in  the  con- 
duct of  its  investigations  and  not  for  the  purpose  of  spreading  them 
on  the  public  record. 

Mr.  Tavenner,  let  the  resolution  authorizing  the  hearings  and  the 
appointment  of  the  subcommittee  be  made  a  part  of  the  record. 

(The  documents  referred  to  follow :) 

March  1,  1961. 

Be  it  resolved,  That  hearings  by  the  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities,  or 
subcommittees  thereof,  be  held  at  such  places  and  times  as  the  chairman  may 
designate,  for  the  purpose  of  con.^idering  and  acting  upon  H.R.  4700,  referred 
to  this  committee,  amending  the  text  of  Section  11  of  the  Subversive  Activities 
Control  Act  of  1950,  as  amended,  relating  to  : 

(1)  Deductions  for  Federal  income  tax  purposes  in  the  case  of  contributions 
to  or  for  the  use  of  any  Communist  organization  ; 

(2)  Deductions  for  Federal  income  tax  purposes  under  the  Internal  Revenue 
Code  of  1954,  on  the  part  of  Communist  organizations ; 

(3)  Exemption  to  Communist  organizations  from  Federal  income  tax  under 
such  code ;  and 

(4)  The  inclusion  of  gifts  of  funds  or  services  on  the  gross  Income  of  any 
Communist  organization. 

Be  it  further  resolved,  That  the  staff  of  the  committee  is  authorized  to  con- 
duct such  investigations  as  the  chairman  may  deem  reasonably  necessary  in 
preparation  for  said  hearings. 

Be  it  further  resolved,  That  hearings  may  be  conducted  on  any  other  matters 
within  tlie  jurisdiction  of  the  committee,  which  it,  or  any  subcommittee  thereof, 
appointed  to  conduct  these  hearings,  may  designate. 


6  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

May  31,  1961. 
To :  Mr.  Frank  S.  Tavenner,  Jr., 
Director, 

House  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities. 
Pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  the  law  and  the  Rules  of  this  Committee,  I 
hereby  appoint  a  subcommittee  of  the  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities, 
consisting  of  Hon.  Gordon  H.  Scherer  and  Hon.  Morgan  M.  Moulder,  as  asso- 
ciate members,  and  myself,  as  Chairman,  to  conduct  hearings  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  beginning  on  the  31st  day  of  May,  1961,  on  H.R.  4700,  and  other  subjects 
under  investigation  by  the  Committee,  and  take  such  testimony  on  said  day  or 
succeeding  days  as  it  may  deem  necessary. 
Please  make  this  action  a  matter  of  Committee  record. 
If  any  member  indicates  his  inability  to  serve,  please  notify  me. 
Given  under  my  hand  this  31st  day  of  May,  1961. 

/s/    Francis  E.  Walter, 
Francis  E.  Walter, 
Chairman,  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities. 

The  Chairman.  Call  your  witness. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Dr.  Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  will  you  come  forward, 
please  ?    Will  you  swear  the  witness,  Mr.  Chairman  ? 

The  Chairman.  Will  you  raise  your  right  hand,  please  ?  Will  you 
stand  ? 

Do  you  swear  that  the  testimony  you  are  about  to  give  is  the  truth, 
the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  so  help  you  God  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  do. 

TESTIMONY  OF  ANNETTE  T.  RUBINSTEIN,  ACCOMPANIED  BY 
COUNSEL,  ISIDORE  NEEDLEMAN 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  please  state  your  name,  your  residence, 
and  your  occupation  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  My  name  is  Annette  T.  Rubinstein.  I  live  at  59 
West  71st  Street,  New  York  City.    I  am  a  writer  and  lecturer. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  It  is  noted  that  you  are  accompanied  by  counsel. 
Will  counsel  please  identify  himself  for  the  record  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Isidore  Needleman,  165  Broadway,  New  Y^ork 
City. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mrs.  Rubinstein  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Miss. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  hand  you  a  document  which  the  committee  pro- 
cured through  a  subpena  duces  tecum,  entitled  "Certificate  of  Au- 
thority for  Unincorporated  Association  Account." 

Will  you  examine  it  please,  and  state  whether  or  not  your  name  is 
signed  to  it  as  secretary  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  the  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  amendment,  and  the  fourth  and  the  fifth,  and  the  im- 
pertinency  of  the  request. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  offer  the  document  in  evidence 
and  ask  that  it  be  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  1." 

The  Chairman.  Make  it  a  part  of  the  record. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

(Document  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  1"  follows:) 
Rubinstein   Exhibit  No.   1 

Certificate  of  Authoiity  for  Unincorporated  Association  Account 

t,.  (L«.j3tu.,  liJ&dn:r!o--i2^         . 


,  Iwreby  osrlify  ^mI 

jaaA  tlie  oiSBcial  t»ta»aHen  tt  oertaio  records,  hKlixUQg  the  By-Laws. 

of  die  memlices  aiMi  the  djl'Vyv^^vU4M4M...^  g/H«.^t^,^Cg/_ 
an  unt/teoFporateil  axsoolatlon 

Klt4V:....y*:^:K\^ .Jffr^^iA^l^-.- <  thai  The  Aim^amoted  Bank  otf 


ao4  liw  ninutea  of 

of  t£e  _ 

doiof  businnw 

New  Yorit  has  brea  deatgn^cd  a«  a  4ep<»ilarjr  tA  tiii«  Ascocialioa,  tiie  oMc«rs  of  wUeii  ciseicd  !• 
hoM  office  untO  their  »uc««aeor*  are  cicasleci,  are  4 


NAME 


mus 


smsanQEN  signature 


and  Ukal  Ibese  cfik«T«  are  «ntpow«i«rf  to  witbefevn  fviKb  ^ 
ilie  following  Rtannsri 

•NUMBER  TO  SIGN  „X-t^-"C'-— ~ ; 

TriTJES  OF  OFFtCERS    \  ■■- - -—■•.. — ■- — 

EMPOWEHEO  TO  SIGN  \l/<tAfM(A^  lA^^k^-^^^^^-^-^^ 

"   '"" / "  /   ■  . 

WITNESS  017  hand  and  tW  officii  atol  of  lUa  AMoeiation  l&is„ 


rfiocfca,  ixsSXk  tat  tjcdert  «)BD9d  io 


ft\^^^.. 


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.uifi!^:'::^^:-^^ 


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that  on  Uie_.i:Af..*L..day  «rf>i*»tA»W>w;  19$.£_^  ./f  .»ifciUrx...7r...'^.?*.^6*«."X.ifetrf*Vl 

who  aigaed  and  attected  the  foregoing,  vaa  and  Mow  ia  the  isij  <{aaUfied  and  acting— „.. 

ih.tJy^r*-*:''^ ot   tatd   Aaaodatioa   awl  lhat«he  waa  aed  U  dnl?  aatkoriaed  hy  the  hf. 

taw*  to  certify  to  the  proceedings  of  the  meniher*  and  the  ^o^^  of  JDirector*  of  aaid  AaaoclBtiai, 
and  to  affix  the  leal  of  Mid  Aiaocialion  to  aoch  eeittflcatev 


SEAL 
APPROVE© 


A 


TO  BE  SICNE9  BY 

TB£  Brrmmc  wncEXs 


8  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

Mr.  Ta\^nner.  I  would  like  to  read  it  into  the  record. 

I,  Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  hereby  certify  that  I  am  Secretary  and  the  official 
custodian  of  certain  records,  including  the  By-Laws  and  the  minutes  of  the 
meetings  of  the  members  and  the  Administrative  Committee  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis,  an  unincorporated  association  doing  business  in  New  York  State; 
that  The  Amalgamated  Bank  of  New  York  has  been  designated  as  a  depository 
of  this  Association,  the  officers  of  which  elected  to  hold  office  until  their  suc- 
cessors are  elected,  are:    Harry  MagdofC,  President — 

with  a  signature  appearing  opposite  the  name — 

Irving  Kaplan,  Treasurer — 

with  a  signature  in  the  name  of  Irving  Kaplan  opposite  that  name — 

Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  Secretary — 

with  a  signature  opposite  that  name — 

and  that  these  officers  are  empowered  to  withdraw  funds  by  checks,  drafts  or 
orders  signed  in  the  following  manner :  Number  To  Sign,  Two.  Titles  of  Officers 
Empowered  To  Sign,  President,  Treasurer,  Secretary.  Witness  my  hand  and 
the  official  seal  of  this  Association  this  thirteenth  day  of  November  14,  1958. 
Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  Secretary. 

Mrs.  Rubinstein 

Miss  Rubinstein".  Miss  Rubinstein,  please. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Excuse  me.  Miss  Rubinstein,  will  you  examine 
the  document  again  and  state  whether  or  not  the  signature  appearing 
after  the  name  "Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  Secretary,"  is  your  signature? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  again  on  the 
grounds  of  a  lack  of  pertinency  of  the  first  amendment,  the  fourth 
amendment,  and  the  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Dr.  Rubinstein,  there  was  served  upon  you  a  sub- 
pena  duces  tecum  requiring  the  production  of  certain  documents,  the 
return  on  which  shows  that  you  were  served  by  Mr.  Raymond  T.  Col- 
lins, an  investigator  of  the  staff  of  the  Committee  on  Un-American 
Activities  on  May  24, 1961. 

I  desire  to  offer  tlie  returu  of  the  subpena  in  evidence  and  have  it 
marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  2." 

The  Chairman.  So  ordered. 

(Document  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  2"  and  retained  in 
committee  files.) 

Mr.  Ta\'enner.  The  first  item  called  for  by  the  subpena,  and  I  may 
say  this  subpena  is  issued  to  you  as  secretary  of  The  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis,  is  "All  minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  Awards  Committee 
of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  from  January  1,  1958,  to  date." 

Please  produce  those  records. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Those  records  were  not  in  my  possession  at  the 
time  when  the  subpena  was  served  and  have  not  been  in  my  posses- 
sion since ;  so  that  I  have  not  produced  them. 

]\Ir.  Tavenner.  Where  are  they  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  lier  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  To  tlie  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief  there 
are  no  such  records.  If  such  records  do  exist  I  have  no  idea  where 
they  are. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  prepare  minutes  of  the  meeting  of  the 
Awards  Committee? 

(The  witness  conferred  witli  her  counsel.) 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  9 

Miss  KuBiNSTEiN.  I  had  no  such  records  at  the  time  when  I  was 
served  with  the  siibpena  and  I  have  had  none  since.  As  to  any  other 
part  of  that  question,  I  decline  to  answer  on  tlie  grounds  of  the  first, 
and  the  fifth,  and  the  fourth. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  May  I  ha^e  a  direction  that  the  witness  be  di- 
rected to  answer  ? 

Tlie  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question,  Miss 
Witness. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  of  the  first, 
fourth,  and  fifth  amendments. 

The  Chairman.  Prior  to  tlie  service  did  you  have  such  records? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  declin.e  to  answer  that  question  on  the  same 
grounds. 

The  Chairman.  Did  you  ever  have  records  such  as  have  been 
described  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  same 
grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  think  there  sliould  be  a  direction  to  answer. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavi^inner.  The  second  item  called  for  in  the  subpena  duces 
tecum 

Mr.  Scherer.  Pardon  me.  Did  you  have  such  records  the  day 
before  you  "were  served  with  the  subpena  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Well,  I  have  just  declined  to  ansvN-er  the  question. 

Mr.  Scherer.  I  understand  that. 

Miss  RuBiK  STEIN.  As  to  whether  i  ever  had  such  records,  which 
would  include  the  day  before,  wouldn't  it 't 

Mr.  Scherer.  Did  you  ha^'e  such  records  a  week  before  the  sub- 
pena was  served  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  have  just  declined  to  answer  that  question  as 
to  whether  I  ever  had  such  records,  which  would  include  the  week 
before,  wouldn't  it  ? 

Mr.  Scherer.  Did  you  ever  have  such  records  % 

Miss  Rubinstein.  "Ever"  includes  a  day,  a  week,  a  month,  a  year, 
any  amount  of  time  you  wish  to  name.  The  answer  is  the  same.  I 
just  declined  it  so  that  it  would  include  any  such  period  of  time, 
"eveiy*  prior  to  the  subpena  or  since. 

Mr.  Ta\'t;nner.  Dr.  Rubinstein,  Exhibit  No.  1  shows  that  you  were 
tlie  keeper  of  the  minutes  of  the  Administrative  Committee  of  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  and  the  subpena  has  required  your  pro- 
duction as  Item  2 : 

All  minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  Administrative  Committee  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis  relating  to  grants  and/or  awards,  from  .January  1,  1958,  to  date. 

Produce  them,  please. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Well,  that  seemed  to  have  two  parts.  As  far  as 
the  records,  I  do  not  have  and  did  not  have  at  the  time  the  subpena 
was  served,  and  have  not  had  since,  any  such  records,  but  you  said 
it  showed  I  was  the  keeper  of  records. 

May  I  see  that  again,  please  ? 

(The  document  was  handed  to  tlie  witness. ) 


10  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes,  you  so  certifiexl. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Thank  you. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Will  the  record  show  what  date  that  was? 

Mr.  Ta\t2nner.  The  document  showed  that  it  was  dated  in  1958, 
November  14,  1958. 

The  Chairman.  It  is  a  part  of  the  record. 

Mr.  Ta\t.nner.  Will  you  answer  the  question,  please? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  did  not  have  at  the  time  the  subpena  was 
served,  and  have  not  had  since,  the  documents  referred  to  in  the 
second  listing  and  have  therefore  not  produced  them. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Do  you  know  who  has  those  records  now  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  have  no  knowledge  as  to  where  those  i*ecords, 
if  they  exist,  are. 

Mr.  DoYUE.  May  I  ask  a  question,  Mr.  Chairman  ? 

The  Chairman.  Yes,  Mr.  Doyle. 

Mr.  DoTLE.  I  notice,  Miss  Rubinstein,  about  three  times  now  you 
have  said :  "I  did  not  have  those  records  in  my  possession  at  the  time." 
When  did  you  have  them  in  your  possession  ? 

You  have  emphasized  that  very  clearly  in  your  answers.  You  rec- 
ognize that.  We  do,  too.  Your  answer  is  you  did  not  have  them  in 
your  possession  at  the  time  you  were  subpenaed.  When  did  you  have 
them  in  your  possession  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Well 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Well,  as  to  that  question  I  have  declined  to  an- 
swer on  the  grounds  of  the  first,  the  fourth,  and  the  fifth  amendment. 
I  understand  that  legally  I  am  bound  to  answer  as  to  whether  or  not 
I  had  the  records  in  my  possession  when  I  was  served.  Therefore  I 
was  careful  to  use  what  I  was  told  was  the  correct  legal  form  there. 

Mr.  Doyle.  When  did  you  dispose  of  the  records  that  you  had — one 
time  had — into  somebody  else's  possession  ? 

Miss  RnjiNSTEiN.  That  makes  an  assumption  that  I  cannot  accept 
but,  aside  from  that,  I  decline  to  answer  the  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth. 

You  assume  I  had  the  records  which  I  have  not  said.  You  assiune 
I  disposed  of  them  which  I  have  not  said,  but  I  am  not  bound  to  an- 
swer on  the  grounds  of  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  assume  from  your  answer  that  you  at  one  time  had 
them. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  That  would  be  a  false  assumption  but  I  am  not 
bound  to  answer  that. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  do  not  think  it  would  be  false. 

The  Chairman.  Go  ahead. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  destroy  these  records  that  have  been  called 
for  as  Items  1  and  2  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  had  no  such  records  at  the  time  of  the  subpena, 
have  had  none  since,  had  destroyed  no  records  at  the  time  or  since  the 
time  of  the  subpena.  I  decline  to  answer  the  question  as  to  any  prior 
period  on  the  gi'oimds  of  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  May  I  have  a  direction  that  the  witness  answer  the 
question  ? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  11 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  the  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Did  you  destroy  the  records  at  any  time  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  have  just  declined  to  answer  that  question,  sir. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  No,  you  have  not. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  coimsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Since  the  service  of  the  subpena  I  have  destroyed 
no  records.  I  had  no  records  at  the  time  of  the  service  of  the  subpena 
and  I  have  had  none  since.  As  to  any  prior  time  I  have  declined  to 
answer  the  question  on  the  constitutional  grounds. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  I  ask  that  you  direct  the  witness  to  answer  the  ques- 
tion as  to  whether  she  destroyed  these  records  prior  to  the  service  of 
the  subpena. 

Tlie  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  the  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  protection  afforded  by  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  amendments 
of  the  Constitution. 

Tlie  Chairman.  Proceed. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  any  officer  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 
direct  you  to  make  a  disposition  of  these  records  in  such  a  manner 
that  they  would  not  be  available  here  to  this  committee  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  No,  there  was  never  at  any  time  such  a  direction. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  reduce  the  action  taken  by  the  Adminis- 
trative Committee  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  to  written  minutes 
at  any  time  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  tlie  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  amendments. 

(At  this  point  Mr.  Tuck  entered  tlie  hearing  room.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  third  item  called  for  in  the  subpena  is : 

Copies  of  all  letters  or  memoranda  from  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  and/or 
any  of  its  officers,  agents  or  employees,  to  individuals,  corporations  or  associ- 
ations, relating  to  donations  and/or  loans  made  to  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 
from  January  1, 1958,  to  date. 

Please  produce  the  records. 

Miss  RuBiNsrEiN.  I  had  no  sucli  records  in  my  possession  at  the  time 
of  the  service  of  the  subpena  and  have  had  no  such  records  in  my 
possession,  and  have  therefore  not  produced  them. 

Mr.  Ta-\t;nner.  What  did  you  do  with  the  records  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  This  makes  a  false  assumption  again. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Please  answer  the  question. 

What  did  you  do  with  them  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  on  the  grounds  of  the  first,  fourth,  and 
fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  think  the  witness  should  be  directed  to  answer  the 
question,  Mr.  Chairman.  I  think  there  should  be  a  direction  to  answer 
the  question. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  have  liad  no  such  records  since  the  subpena  was 
served. 

72930—^61 2 


12  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

As  to  tlie  prior  time  I  liave  already  declined  on  the  grounds  of  the 
lirsL  fourth,  and  fifth  amendments  and  I  do  so  again. 

Mr,  Tavenner.  The  fourth  item  in  the  subpena  duces  tecum  is : 

All  letters  or  memoranda  received  from  individuals,  corporations  or  associ- 
ations to  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  and/or  any  of  its  officers,  agents  or  em- 
ployees, relating  to  donations  and/or  loans,  to  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis, 
from  January  1, 1958,  to  date. 

Please  produce  them. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  had  no  such  records  at  the  time  of  the  service 
of  the  subpena  and  have  had  no  such  records  since,  and  I  have,  there- 
fore, been  unable  to  produce  them. 

The  Chairman.  I  am  assuming  that  you  destroyed  all  of  these  rec- 
ords.    Is  this  assumption  correct  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  have  destroyed  no  records  since  the  time  of  the 
service  of  the  subpena.  On  any  prior  time  I  decline  to  answer  on  the 
grounds  of  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  and  point  out  tliat  a  declination 
does  not  imply  an  afHrmative  answer. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  think  the  witness  should  be  directed  to  answer, 
Mr.  Chairman, 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  that  question. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  have  already  answered  and  repeat  my  answer. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Item  5  of  the  subpena  requires  the  j^roduction  of — 

All  applications,  letters  or  memoranda  from  individuals  addressed  to  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis  and/or  any  of  its  officers,  agents  or  employees,  seeking 
grants  or  awards  of  money  from  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  from  January 
1, 1958,  to  date. 

And  Item  6  provides  for  the  production  of — ■ 

Copies  of  all  letters  or  memoranda  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  or  any  of 
its  officers,  agents  or  employees,  relating  to  grants  or  awards  or  money  by  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  from  January  1,  1958,  to  date. 

Please  produce  those  records. 

Miss  Rup.iNSTEiN.  I  had  no  such  records  in  my  possession  at  the 
time  of  the  service  of  the  subpena  and  have  had  no  such  records  since, 
and  have  therefore  been  unable  to  produce  them, 

Mr,  SciiERER.  Do  you  know  wlio  had  possession  of  those  records  at 
the  time  the  subpena  was  served  upon  you  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  May  I  hear  that  question  again  ? 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Do  you  know  who  had  possession  of  those  recortls  at 
the  time  tlie  subpena  was  served  on  you  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  1  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
of  tlie  first,  fourth,  and  hfth  amendments. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Do  you  know  where  those  records  are  today '^ 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Do  you  have  any  knowledge  as  to  where  those  records 
are  today? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  No,  I  have  no  knowledge  whatsoever  as  to  where 
tliey  are,  if  they  exist. 

Tlie  Chairman.  Why  did  you  add  that,  "if  they  exist"  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Because  I  have  no  knowledge  as  to  whethei-  they 
exist  or  not,  obviously. 

Mr.  SciiERER.  At  any  time  did  you  (urn  such  rec(n-ds  ms  luive  been 
subpenaed  over  to  anyone  ? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  13 

Miss  KuBiNSTEiN.  You  are  speaking  of  a  time  prior  to  the  service  of 
the  subpena  or  since  ? 

Mr.  ScuERER.  At  any  time. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Since  the  service  of  the  subpena  I  have  not  done 
so.  Prior  to  the  service  of  the  subpena  I  decline  to  answer  this  ques- 
tion on  the  grounds  of  tlie  first,  fourtli,  and  fifth  amendments. 

ISIr.  ScHERER.  To  whom  did  you  turn  over  the  records  prior  to  the 
service  of  the  subpena  ? 

:Miss  E-uBiNSTi:iN.  Well,  this  is  silly. 

:Mr.  SciiERER.  Well,  it  is  not  silly. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  First  of  all,  it  is  a  silly  assumption  and  second, 
it  is  silly  because  I  am  just  repeating  the  same  answer.  I  have  al- 
ready answered  '*!  decline  on  the  grounds  of  the  first,  fourth,  and 
fifth,"  and  I  again  decline  on  the  grounds  of  the  first,  fonrth,  and 
fifth. 

Mr.  SciiERER.  Is  my  assumption  nicorrect  that  you  did  turn  over 
these  records  to  somebody  prior  to  the  service  of  the  subpena  upon 
you  ? 

JMiss  Rubinstein.  Your  assumption  is  clearly  unwarranted. 

Mr.  SciiERER.  Is  my  assumption  incorrect  ? 

Miss  RuBiNSiTciN.  I  have  already  declined  to  answer  a  "yes"  or 
"no." 

Mr.  SciiERER.  I  ask  the  chairman  to  direct  the  witness  to  answer 
the  question  whether  my  assumption  is  incorrect. 

The  Chairman.  Yoii  are  directed  to  answer  that  question. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  on  the  grounds  of  the 
first,  fourth,  and  fifth  amendments. 

The  Chairman.  Go  ahead,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr.  Taatenner.  Mr.  Chainnan,  the  question  was  asked  by  Mi-. 
Scherer  as  to  Avhether  the  witness  destroyed  these  records.  I  think 
that  there  ought  to  be  a  direction  to  answ-er  that  question.  Other- 
wise it  might  be  considered  that  the  committee  has  accepted  her 
answer. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  think  she  answered  that  question,  Mr.  Tavenner, 
that  she  didn't  since  the  service  of  the  subpena. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  But  he  asked  prior  to  the  service. 

The  Chair:man.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question  as  to 
whether  or  not  you  destroyed  them. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  As  to  the  period  prior  to  the  service  of  the  sub- 
pena, I  repeat  my  declination  on  the  grounds  of  the  first,  fourth,  and 
fiftli  amendments. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  hand  3^011  a  letter  bearing  date  of  December  ;>, 
1959,  bearing  a  signature  purporting  to  be  that  of  Annette  T.  Rubin- 
stein for  the  Committee  on  Awards. 

(At  this  point,  Mr.  Willis  entered  the  hearing  room.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  write  that  letter?  I  have  purposely 
blocked  out  the  name  of  the  addressee. 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  We  can't  read  it. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel. ) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  amendments. 


14  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    19  50 

(Document  marked  "Kubinstein  Exhibit  No.  3,"  and  retained  in 
committee  files.) 

Mr-  Tavenner.  "VVbat  did  you  do  with  the  copy  of  that  letter? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Wliat  letter  ? 

Mr.  Ta"\tenner.  This  letter.  That  is  the  original.  What  did  you 
do  with  the  copy  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Well,  what  kind  of  a  question  is  that? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  question  is  perfectly  plain.  What  did  you  do 
with  the  copy  of  this  letter  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  had  no  such  copy  at  the  time  when  the  subpena 
was  served  or  at  any  time  since,  and  at  any  period  before  I  decline  to 
answer  on  the  grounds  of  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  amendments. 

The  Chairman.  Do  you  live  at  59  West  71st  Street  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  do. 

The  Chairman.  The  letterhead  is  Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  59  West 
71st  Street,  New  York. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Mr.  Chairman,  could  the  record  show  how  the 
committee  got  that  letter  ? 

The  Chairman.  Of  course  not. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Did  they  write  for  the  mails  ? 

The  Chairman.  IVliy,  of  course  not,  and  you  know  better  than 
that.  Someone  who  was  naive  sent  this  on  to  the  committee.  You 
would  be  surprised  how  much  information  we  get  like  that. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Then  what's  the  secret  ?  Why  can't  we  know  how 
you  got  it? 

The  Chairman.  All  right,  go  ahead,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  think  if  you  would  produce  the  copies  of  the 
records  it  would  reflect  as  much  information  as  you  would  need — the 
copies  of  the  letters. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Mr.  Chairman,  may  I  make  this  observation  for  the 
benefit  of  Miss  Rubinstein  ? 

Twice,  a  few  minutes  ago,  you  told  Mr.  Scherer  you  thought  his 
questions  were  silly.     Do  you  remember  so  doing  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Yes. 

Mr.  Doyle.  What  was  silly  about  his  questions  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Because  I  had  just  answered  that  question.  To 
ask  it  again  was  silly  and  also  to  make  an  assumption  which  I  had 
refused  either  to  confirm  or  deny  as  though,  because  it  was  put  in  a 
different  way,  I  would  either  affirm  or  deny  what  I  had  just  refused 
to  affirm  or  deny. 

Mr.  Doyle.  That  is  why  you  told  him  twice  his  questions  were 
sillyj 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  remember  doing  it  once;  but  possibly  twice. 

Mr.  Ta\t.nner.  Dr.  Rubinstein,  I  now  hand  you  a  public  announce- 
ment of  the  creation  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  which  ajipeared 
in  the  Communist  publication  Mainstream  of  April,  1958  (p.  63). 
Will  you  examine  it,  please,  and  state  whether  or  not  the  name  of 
Mary  Jane  Keeney  is  signed  as  corresponding  secretary  ? 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950  15 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Do  you  mean  whether  I  read  this  here  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes,  whether  you  see  it  at  the  bottom  of  the  docu- 
ment. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  read  this  here  in  this  photostat. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  desire  to  offer  the  document  in  evidence  and  ask 
that  it  be  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  4." 

The  Chairman.  Mark  it  as  part  of  the  record. 

(Document  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  4"  follows:) 

Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  4 

Letters 

Editor,  Maistream:  [Mainstream] 

The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  has  just  been  organized  as  an  informal  group 
of  individuals  interested  in  aiding  researcli  on  problems  of  Marxist  theory 
and  its  application,  bringing  together  people  who  want  to  encourage  such 
studies  and  to  provide  financial  assistance  toward  their  production.  It  operates 
without  paid  personnel  or  other  overhead  costs,  and  distributes  all  money 
raised  by  the  sponsors  through  voluntary  activities  in  research  grants.  In  its 
Statement  of  Policy,  the  Fund  defines  its  purpose  as  follows : 

"Socialist  thinking  in  the  United  States  has  traditionally  neglected  ana- 
lytical and  basic  theoretical  work.  The  retarding  effect  of  this  failure  on  the 
socialist  and  labor  movements  in  our  country  is  today  more  apparent  than 
ever  before.  Under  the  recent  pressures  for  social  conformity,  research  on  prob- 
lems opened  up  by  Marxist  theory  has  dwindled  to  a  particularly  low  level.  It  is 
the  purpose  of  the  Fund  to  do  what  it  can  to  correct  this  situation  by  providing 
grants-in-aid  for  research  and  publications  to  social  scientists  analyzing  or 
applying  Marxist  hypotheses." 

In  making  its  awards  the  Fund  will  be  guided  solely  by  its  estimate  of  the 
intellectual  qualifications  of  the  applicants  and  the  significance  of  the  prob- 
lems they  propose  to  study.  Its  object  is  to  promote  research  in  an  area  of 
inquiry,  not  to  popularize  a  set  of  uncriticized  beliefs.  Its  Committee  on  Awards 
has  entire  responsibility,  not  subject  to  review,  for  making  grants.  For  the 
first  year  of  the  Fund's  operations,  the  Committee  on  Awards  comprises  the 
following :  Frank  Coe,  Irving  Kaplan,  Harry  Magdoff,  Stanley  Moore,  Rus- 
sell Nixon,  Annette  Rubinstein  and  J.  Raymond  Walsh,  as  well  as  a  panel  of 
consultants  in  special  fields  who  are  available  on  call.  Grants  will  ordinarily 
range  from  $500  to  $3,000,  but  applications  for  larger  or  smaller  amounts  will 
be  considered. 

Projects  for  books  and  essays  in  all  fields  of  social  science  will  be  welcomed. 
Preference  will  be  given  to  topics  bearing  upon  current  problems  over  those  of 
purely  historical  interest,  topics  bearing  upon  the  United  States  over  those  solely 
concerned  with  other  countries,  and  to  studies  already  under  way  over  projects 
merely  in  outline.  Applications  for  grants  and  further  information  should  be 
addressed  to  the  Corresponding  Secretai-y,  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  Room 
2800,  165  Broadway,  New  York  6,  N.Y.  Applications  should  contain  the  follow- 
ing information : 

1.  Name  and  address  of  applicant. 

2.  Outline  of  project. 

3.  Such  parts  of  project  as  may  have  been  drafted. 

4.  Plans  for  publication. 

5.  Amount  of  money  requested  and  proposed  use. 

6.  Previous  publications,  if  any. 

7.  Relevant  biographical  data. 

8.  Such  references  (names  and  addresses  of  persons  familiar  with  the  ap- 
plicant's work  and  intellectual  qualifications)  as  applicant  may  wish  to 
submit. 

(Extra  copies  of  the  application  form  and  previous  publications  will  be  ap- 
preciated but  are  not  required.) 

Maky  Jane  Keeney, 
Corresponding  Secretary. 


16  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    19  50 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  Mary  Jane  Keeney  tlie  corresponding  secre- 
taiy  in  April  1958? 

Miss  KuBiNS'raiN.  I  decline  to  ans^vor  tliis  quosiion  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavexnek.  When  was  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  organized  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  the  Fund's  organizational  secretary  at 
the  inception  of  the  business  of  the  Fund  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Do  you  feel  that  to  answer  that  question  might  lead 
to  a  criminal  prosecution  against  you  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  From  my  knowledge  of  this  conunittee  and  its 
general  tactics,  that  does  not  seem  an  impossibility  although  it  would 
seem  to  me  quite  unjustified. 

Mr.  Doyle.  May  I  inquire,  has  there  been  any  secretary  of  this 
Fmid  other  than  you  since  the  Fund  was  organized  ^ 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  gromids 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Was  there  another  secretary  of  this  Fund  chosen  just 
prior  to  the  time  you  w^ere  subpenaed,  or  approximately,  who  took  the 
records  and  now  has  possession  of  them,  as  far  as  you  know  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  wnth  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

The  Chairman.  Who  is  the  treasurer  of  your  organization  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

The  Chairman.  I  direct  you  to  answer  the  question,  ''Who  is  the 
treasurer?" 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  tlie  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Moulder.  What  are  the  general  functions,  activities,  and  ob- 
jectives of  this  organization? 

(The  w'itness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Well,  there  was  a  public  statement  made  and  re- 
located, posted  on  college  bulletin  boards,  in  learned  journals,  eco- 
nomic quarterlies,  and  so  on,  and  I  think  this  very  succinctly  and  well 
states  the  purposes  of  the  Fund  as  far  as  I  know  them. 

It  says : 

The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is  an  informal  organization  of  individuals  inter- 
ested in  aiding  research  on  problems  of  Marxist  theory  and  its  application.  The 
Fund  is  designed  to  bring  together  people  who  want  to  encourage  such  studies 
and  to  provide  financial  assistance  toward  their  production.  It  operates  with- 
out paid  personnel  or  other  overhead  costs.  Money  is  raised  entirely  through 
the  voluntary  activities  of  the  membership,  and  all  contributions  are  allocated  in 
their  entirety  for  research  grants. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT    OF    1950  17 

Socialist  thinking  in  the  United  States  has  traditionally  neglected  analytical 
and  basic  theoretical  work.  The  retarding  effect  of  this  failure  on  the  socialist 
and  labor  movements  in  our  country  is  today  more  apparent  than  ever  before. 
Under  the  recent  pressures  for  social  conformity,  research  on  problems  opened 
up  by  Marxist  theory  has  dwindled  to  a  particularly  low  level.  It  is  the  pur- 
pose of  the  Fund  to  do  what  it  can  to  correct  this  situation  by  providing  grants- 
in-aid  for  research  and  publication  to  social  scientists  analyzing  or  applying 
Marxist  hypotheses. 

In  making  its  awards  the  Fund  will  be  guided  solely  by  its  estimate  of  the 
intellectual  qualifications  of  the  applicants  and  the  significance  of  the  problems 
they  propose  to  study.  Its  object  is  to  promote  research  in  an  area  of  inquiry, 
Udt  to  popularize  a  set  of  imeritical  beliefs.  Every  scientist  muist  be  to  some 
extent  a  critic  of  the  theories  he  examines  or  applies.  He  alone  is  the  proper 
person  to  decide  how  far  the  criticism  shall  go. 

Projects  for  books  or  essays  in  all  fields  of  social  science  will  be  welcomed. 
Topics  bearing  upon  current  problems  will  he  given  preference  over  those  of 
purely  historical  interest.  Topics  bearing  upon  the  United  States  will  be  given 
preference  over  those  solely  concerned  with  other  countries. 

This  statement  has  appeared  in,  I  think,  literally  dozens  of  issues 
of  various  learned  and  academic  journals  and  on  the  bulletin  boards 
of  many,  many  universities  with  graduate  schools,  and  has  been 
widely  publicized  during  the  past  3  years. 

I  think  it  gives  a  succinct  statement  of  the  purposes  of  the  Fund. 

INIr.  Doyle.  May  I  ask  who  provided  this  statement? 

Miss  RuBixsTEiN-.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  is  the  date  of  the  statement  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  There  is  no  date  appended  to  it  here  but  it  lias 
been  on  bulletin  boards  and  in  journals  for,  oh,  at  least  3  years  back,  I 
would  say. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  assist  in  the  preparation  of  it  as  secre- 
tary of  the  Fund  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  tlie  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  at 
the  time  that  the  document  you  refer  to  was  placed  on  the  bulletin 
boards  of  the  various  colleges  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  princi- 
ples of  the  first  amendment  and  under  the  protection  of  the  fifth. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  hand  you  a  document  wliich  the  committee  pro- 
cured through  a  subpena  duces  tecum  and  ask  you  to  examine  it  and 
state  whether  or  not  the  signature  at  the  bottom  over  the  word  "Secre- 
tary'' is  your  signature? 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first,  fourth,  and  fifth  amendments. 

(At  this  point  Chairman  Walter  left  the  hearing  room.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  desire  to  offer  the  document  in  evidence  and  ask 
that  it  be  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  5," 

Mr.  Moulder  (presiding).  It  may  be  placed  in  evidence  and  so 
marked. 


18  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950 

(Document  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  5"  follows:) 
Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  5 

r  iVimette  T,    Hubir. stein 


.Secr«.tQrY  ot — Thft  j'lijai.'    for  ,^on1,fil — Axial^,sl,a 

IQ  rTon-profit    organization}    do   hereby   c&rtify: 


That    the    following    is   a    true   abstract    of    q    resolution 
duly   adopted   at    a    meet  mg   cf,  tjlfe,  of  ,f lOfiXS    P^<l . 

■iLixg.ct.Qrs  ...ot  'f M..  Fimcl   for  Social  Aiicaysis 

duly  held  on  t  he__JL2__  day  n f  'Jbtai rixy         4 q ..$8^^ . 

RESOLVED:   That  an  account  be  opened  in  the 


name  of   .The  Fuiid  for   Social   .'-iialyGis 

wjth  the  East  Rjver  Savings  Bank  of  the  Cjtv  of  Hew 
York  for  the  purpose, of  depositing  therein  lunds  of 
aoid  organization.       .  '  . 

^  Thot  the  officers  of  this  organi zo t ion/  or  an^ 
-<~ a<i  th©m^  a«  certified  to  said  Bonk  by  our  Secre- 
tary froen  tiyae  to  time  aholi  have  full  authority  to 
withdraw  any  or  all  of  the  funds  credited  to  the  organ*- 
zotion  on  the  occount.  Soid  East  River  Savings  Bank 
stay  rely,  \apon  said  delagotion  of  authority  <ind  honor 
the  si^Qturea  and  act  s  of  the  of  f  icers  certified  until- 
receipt^ by  the  Bank  of  o  certification  of  new  or  oth®r 
officsxa  homing  auch  outhority  and  the  filing  with  the 
BonlE  of  the  signatures  thereof. 


or  oth#r  instrua^nte  for  withcfrawQl*  of  funds  TTnclW^ 
ing  those  drawn  to  cash  or  beorer  or  to  the  individual 
order  ©/  the  officer  or  officers  signing  the  some)  and 
also  receive  the  funds  withdrawn  for  deposit  to  the 
credit^of  any  holder^  without  inquiry  of  any  kind. 

Witness  jpy  hand  and  seal  of  said  organization  thinLE^    ' 
day  of 


U4VKt&L  f^  (XAMyy^-MXlU^^^ 


SECRETARY 


E  A  L  ) 


Uil^ys/p- 


Annr^vckH     for     filinO___LQ 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  19 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  will  not  read  the  document,  but  it 
is  a  document  over  the  signature  of  the  secretary,  bearing  date  of  Jan- 
uaiy  18,  1958,  constituting  authority  for  the  signatures  for  the  with- 
drawal of  funds  from  a  bank,  the  bank  being  the  East  Kiver  Savings 
Bank  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

Will  you  state,  please,  whether  or  not  the  18th  of  January  1958,  the 
date  of  this  document,  was  the  approximate  date  of  the  foundation 
of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Miss  RuBixsTEiN.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Who  were  the  individuals  who  formed  the  organi- 
zation. The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  participate  in  its  formation  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  other  persons  who  participated  in  it  members 
of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Has  this  Fund  made  awards  or  grants  to  individ- 
uals whom  you  personally  knew  to  be  members  of  the  Communist 
Party? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  make  an  award 
in  the  sum  of  $1,000  to  Herbert  Aptheker,  a  member  of  the  National 
Committee  of  the  Communist  Party  of  the  United  States 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  — at  a  time  when  he  was  known  to  you  to  hold 
that  position  in  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  read  a  moment  ago  from  a  document.  Would 
you  mind  letting  me  see  it  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  On  advice  of  counsel,  she  will  not. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  ask  that  the  witness  be  directed  to 
submit  to  our  director  the  document  from  which  she  read. 

Mr.  Moulder.  The  witness  is  directed  to  respond  to  the  request 
made  by  counsel. 

Mr.  DoTLE.  She  has  opened  the  door.  Counsel,  you  know  that,  by 
reading  it  herself. 

Mr.  Needleman.  This  is  not  one  of  the  documents  of  subpena.  I 
don't  think  the  committee  is  entitled  to  it. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Do  you  think  we  would  have  gotten  it  if  we  had 
subpenaed  it? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  It  may  be  one  of  them. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  will  tell  you  what  we  will  do. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  suggest  the  chairman  tell  us  what  we  will  do. 

Mr.  Moulder.  The  witness  is  directed  to  produce  the  document. 

(The  document  was  handed  to  Mr.  Tavenner.) 

Mr.  Moulder.  Let  the  record  show  that  the  witness  has  given  the 
document  to  counsel. 


20  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  submit  the  entire  document  is  available  to  the  com- 
mittee. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Counsel  has  it. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Don't  let's  fight  when  there  is  no  occasion  fo, 
Mr.  Congressman. 

Mr.  DoYL,E.  You  folded  the  page,  I  note. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  was  trying  to  call  attention  to  the  first  page. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Let  me  read  this  paragraph : 

We  should  very  much  appreciate  receiving  any  individual  statements  or  group 
resolutions  on  this  position,  or  on  the  pending  action  of  the  HUAC. 

which  is  the  abbreviation  for  the  House  Committee  on  Un-American 
Activities,  sig-ned  by  a  number  of  persons,  including  Annette  T. 
Rubinstein. 

You  signed  that,  did  you  not  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  mean  you  authorized  your  name  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Witness,  you  have  been  laughing  at  almost  every 
question  that  has  been  asked. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  don't  think  that  is  an  accurate  characterization. 
For  the  record,  I  don't  think  that  is  an  accurate  characterization. 

Mr.  Scherer.  I  do. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  don't  think  the  chairman  would  agree  with  you, 
Mr.  Scherer. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Let  us  say  ninety-nine  and  forty-four  one-hundredths 
])ercent. 

Mr.  Needleman.  She  smiled  a  couple  of  times  at  questions  that 
were  perfectly  obvious  that  you  asked. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  ask  that  the  record  so  show. 

Mr.  Moulder.  Proceed. 

Mr.  Ta\t:nner.  Dr.  Rubinstein,  we  were  speaking  of  the  making  of 
a  grant  to  Dr.  Herbert  Aptheker.  This  very  document  which  you 
handed  to  me  shows  that  you  did  make  such  a  grant  of  a  thousand 
dollars  to  him 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  does  it  not? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  You  mean  it  shows  that  such  a  grant  was  made  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  made,  yes. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  It  seems  to  be  a  matter  of  public  record  and 
knowledge  that  such  a  grant  was  made. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  But  you  will  not  admit  to  having  any  connection 
with  making  of  a  grant  of  a  thousand  dollars  to  a  member  of  the  Na- 
tional Committee  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  membership  in  the  Communist  Party  one  of 
the  prerequisites  for  making  a  grant  by  this  organization  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  think  the  chairman  of  the  committee,  of  your 
committee,  Mr.  Walter,  made  a  public  statement  which  I  read  in  the 
New  York  Times  saying  that  this  document  you  have  here  included 
the  names  of  many  grantees  who  were  not  members  of  the  Commu- 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950  21 

nist  Party.    This  is  his  statement,  but  you  should  be  interested  in  it.^ 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Now  will  you  answer  the  question  ?  I  am  more  in- 
terested in  that. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  personally  decline  to  answer  the  question  on 
the  grounds  of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Was  Mr.  Walter's  statement  that  you  just  said  was 
published  in  a  newspaper  correct,  according  to  your  knowledge? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment  but  it  seems  odd  to  me  that  his  com- 
mittee should  impugn  his  statement. 

Mr.  Dotle.  May  I  ask  a  question  ? 

Was  the  statement  that  you  just  stated  you  read  in  the  New  York 
paper  read  by  you  prior  to  the  time  of  the  subpena  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  No,  it  was  just,  I  think 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  No,  it  was  just  the  other  day. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Did  you  learn  of  the  fact  that  your  Fund  was  to  be 
subpenaed  prior  to  the  time  that  you  were  subpenaed  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  No,  I  didn't  learn  that  the  Fund  was  to  be  sub- 
penaed or  that  I  personally  was  to  be  subpenaed  prior  to  the  time 
that  I  was  served  with  the  subpena. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Did  you  learn  that  as  secretary  you  were  to  be  sub- 
penaed prior  to  the  time  you  were  subpenaed  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Wlien  the  subpena  was  served  upon  me  it  was  a 
great  surprise  and  completely  unexpected.  However,  to  make  it  clear, 
this  subpena  which  you  have  referred  to  as  being  served  by  Mr. 
Collins  was  not  the  first  subpena  I  received.  I  had  received  a  subpena 
earlier,  which  was  a  great  surprise  to  me.  And  all  my  answers  have 
referred  to  the  date  of  the  earlier  subpena,  not  the  later.  There  were 
three  postponements.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  first  time  I  was  sub- 
penaed it  was  in  Chicago.  I  cut  a  lecture  short  at  great  expense  and 
came  to  New  York  for  an  April  26  meeting,  which  I  was  notified  on 
April  25  was  being  postponed  to  May  22. 

No,  no.    May  22. 

And  I  came  to  Washington  on  that  day  and  when  I  came  back  to 
New  York  from  Washington  I  found  that  it  had  been  postponed  again 
to  May  26. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  should  like  to  know  about  all  these  extra  fares 
and  whether  the  committee  is  going  to  reimburse  me  for  them. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Now  may  I  inquire :  Did  you  have  any  of  these  records, 
as  secretary,  in  your  possession  at  the  time  you  received  the  first 
subpena  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  did  not.  All  my  answers  have  referred  to  the 
date  of  the  first  subpena,  which  was  a  service  in  Chicago  some  time  in 
April,  the  middle  of  April,  I  think  the  10th  or  11th,  something  of  that 
sort. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Maybe  we  ought  to  have  that  for  the  record,  Mr. 
Doyle,  as  to  when  the  first  subpena  was  served  because  that  is  the 
date  as  to  which  all  the  testimony  relates. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  All  my  answers. 


1  The  article  referred  to  iu  the  New  York  Times  of  May  23,  19G1,  quotes  Chairman 
Walter  as  charging  that  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  made  public  the  names  of  edu- 
cators not  subpenaed  by  the  committee.  The  article  does  not  deal  with  individual 
aflaiiation  with  the  Communist  Party  as  stated  by  the  witness. 


22  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

Mr,  Doyle.  You  did  not  acquire  any  of  these  records  between  the 
time  of  the  fii-st  and  second  subpena  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  had  none  of  these  records  at  the  time  of  the 
first  subpena  and  have  had  none  of  these  records  since  the  time  of  the 
first  subpena. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Wliere  is  the  office  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 
maintained  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  hand  you  a  document  entitled  "The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis"  which  is  a  thennofax  copy  of  a  statement  over  the 
name  of  "The  Corresponding  Secretai-y,  The  Fund  for  Social  Analy- 
sis."  Will  you  examine  it,  please  ? 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Thank  you. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  see  this. 

Mr.  Taa^nner.  Do  you  see  an  address  under  the  name  of  the  secre- 
tary, corresponding  secretary  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  You  mean  do  I  read  on  this  page  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes,  do  you  see  it  there  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  see  there  it  says  "The  Corresponding  Secretary, 
The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  Room  2800,  165  Broadway,  New  York 
6,  New  York." 

(Document  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  6"  follows:) 

Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  6 
The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 

The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is  an  informal  organization  of  individuals  inter- 
ested in  aiding  Marxist  research.  It  operates  without  paid  i>ersonnel  or  other 
overhead  costs.     All  money  raised  by  the  sponsors  is  distributed  in  grants. 

Each  year  the  Fund  offers  a  limited  nmnber  of  grants-in-aid  for  studies 
analyzing  or  applying  Marxist  hypotheses.  Projects  for  boolvs  and  essays  may 
be  submitted  in  any  field  of  social  science,  including  social  philosophy  and  the 
sociology  of  science.  Preference  is  given,  however,  to  (a)  studies  of  current 
relevance  over  those  of  purely  historical  interest;  (&)  studies  related  to  the 
United  States  over  those  concerned  mainly  with  other  countries ;  and  (c)  studies 
already  under  way  over  projects  merely  in  outline. 

An  Awards  Committee,  elected  annually  by  the  sponsors  of  the  Fund,  has  sole 
responsibility  for  mailing  grants.  The  committee  is  authorized  to  obtain  the 
advice  and  opinion  of  qualified  experts  in  various  special  fields  of  inquiry  in 
which  applications  may  be  submitted.  The  committee's  decisions  are  not  subject 
to  review. 

In  making  its  awards  the  Committee  is  guided  solely  by  its  evaluation  of  the 
scientific  importance  of  the  proposed  projects,  and  its  estimate  of  the  qualifica- 
tions of  applicants  to  carry  out  those  projects. 

The  Committee  elected  for  1960  consists  of  Barrows  Dunham,  Jules  Emspak, 
Irving  Kaplan,   Harry  Magdoff,   Russ  Nixon  and  Annette  T.   Rubinstein. 

Grants  ordinarily  range  from  $500  to  $3,000,  but  applications  for  both  larger 
and  smaller  amounts  are  considered.  Grants  may  be  requested  for  completion 
of  an  entire  project,  or  for  some  specific  part  of  a  project,  or  for  assistance  in 
research,  editing,  or  publication. 

Applications  should  contain  the  following  information  : 

1.  Name  and  address  of  the  applicant. 

2.  An  outline  of  the  project. 

3.  Such  parts  of  the  project  as  may  already  have  been  drafted. 

4.  Plans  for  publication. 

5.  Amount  of  money  requested,  and  account  of  proposed  use. 

6.  List  of  previous  publications,  if  any. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT   OF    1950  23 

7.  Relevant  biographical  data. 

8.  Such  references  (names  and  addresses  of  persons  familiar  with  appli- 
cant's work  and  intellectual  qualifications)  as  the  applicant  may  wish  to 
submit. 

Applications  and  manuscript  in  support  of  applications  should  be  submitted  in 
English  typescript.  Two  or  three  copies  would  be  helpful.  A  stamped  self- 
addressed  envelope  should  be  included  for  the  return  of  the  material  submitted. 

Applications  should  be  addressed  to : 

The  Corresponding  Secretary 

The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 

Room  2800 

165  Broadway 

New  York  6,  New  York 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Wlio  was  the  corresponding  secretary  at  that  time? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  maintain  an  office  at  the  place  given  here, 
Room  2800, 165  Broadway,  New  York  6,  New  York  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  You  say  "Do  you  maintain  an  office?"  You 
mean  I  personally? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  No,  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  on  the  grounds  of  the 
first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Whose  office  is  this  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  on  the  grounds  of  the 
first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Is  it  not  your  attorney's  office  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  on  the  grounds  of  the 
first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Do  you  think  that  such  an  answer  might  tend  to 
incriminate  you  or  lead  to  a  criminal  prosecution,  to  acknowledge 
whetlier  that  office  is  the  office  of  your  attorney  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  think  that  the  fifth  amendment  is  designed  to 
prevent  people  from  being  compelled  to  give  evidence  against  them- 
selves and  that,  in  my  judgment,  this  would  be  giving  evidence  against 
myself  to  a  committee  whose  purposes,  techniques,  and  ethics  I  pro- 
foundly distrust  and  that  might  twist  anytliing  to  a  criminal 
prosecution. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Evidence  that  might  lead  to  a  criminal  prosecution? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Or  to  an  attempt  at  one. 

Mr.  Scherer.  To  an  attempt  at  one  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  In  the  eyes  of  the  committee  it  might  lead  to  a 
criminal  prosecution  and  I  decline  to  answer  under  the  protection 
of  the  fifth  amendment  which  is  designed  to  protect  the  innocent  as 
well  as  the  guilty. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Do  you  consider  any  of  the  activities  covered  in  these 
questions  asked  you  illegal  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  do  not  consider  these  illegal,  but  I  think  the 
committee  does. 

Mr.  Doyee.  May  I  inquire?  I  refer  to  the  pamphlet,  Madam 
Secretary,  [Statement  by  Members  of  the  Awards  Committee,  Rubin- 
stein Exhibit  No.  7,  pp.  26-29.] 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Who  is  Madam  Secretary  ? 

Mr.  Needleman,  She  is  a  witness  here,  Mr.  Doyle. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  am  speaking  to  her  as  secretary  of  the  Fund. 


24  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

Mr.  Needleman.  Just  so  the  record  is  clear  that  she  is  answering  as 
a  witness. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  am  speaking  to  her  as  a  secretary  of  the  Fund  which 
is  under  investigation  and  as  one  of  the  signers  of  this  pamplilet 
which  you  read  a  few  minutes  ago  and  which  your  counsel  handed  to 
our  counsel. 

I  notice  there  is  no  address,  no  street  address,  no  post  office  box,  no 
place  to  which  applicants  for  the  grants  should  send  for  material. 
Why  did  you  leave  an  address  off?  How  would  these  applicants 
know  where  to  write  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  You  say,  "Why  did  you  leave  an  address  off?" 
I  don't  understand  the  question. 

Mr.  Doyle.  You  signed  this,  did  you  not?  You  signed  the 
original  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  have  not  said  so.  I  declined  to  answer  that  on 
the  grounds  of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Does  your  name  appear  in  print  here  over  your  ob- 
jection? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Hand  it  to  me  and,  if  it  is  there,  I  will  read  it,  but 
I  decline  to  answer  it  on  the  other  grounds. 

Mr.  Doyle.  All  right.    Then  I  would  like  it  back  to  ask  another 
question.    You  have  identified  your  name  on  there,  I  think. 
Miss  Rubinstein.  No,  you  think  wrong. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  will  ask  you  frankly.  You  knew  that  your  name  was 
printed  on  that  document  when  you  read  it  to  us  a  few  moments  ago, 
did  you  not  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  on  the  grounds  of  the  first 
and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Well,  you  authorized  the  printing  of  this,  were  one  of 
those  who  authorized  it,  were  you  not? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  that  on  the  grounds  of  the 
first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Did  the  Fund  pay  for  this  pamphlet  or  did  you  pay  for 
it  in  part  personally  ? 

Miss  RuBiNS^PEiN.  I  decline  to  answer  this  on  gi-ounds  of  the  first 
and  fifth  amendment. 

(At  this  point  Chairman  Walter  returned  to  the  hearing  room.) 
Mr.  Doyle.  Did  you  turn  the  copy  of  this  over  to  the  printer  whose 
identification  is  stamped  on  it  here  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  on  grounds  of  the  first 
and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Was  any  supplementary  invitation  or  announcement 
issued  following  this  one  I  refer  to,  in  which  your  name  appears  in 
print,  giving  a  place  to  which  applicants  could  send  for  further  infor- 
mation ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 
Mr.  Needleman.  May  we  have  the  question  read  ? 
(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  will  rephrase  the  question  so  that  the  witness  may 
answer  it. 

Subsequent  to  the  printing  and  issuance  and  distribution  of  this 
pamphlet  that  you  have  read  part  of  to  the  committee  and  on  which 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  25 

your  name  appears  in  print,  Annette  T.  Eubinstein,  was  any  follow- 
up  or  supplementary  annomicement  issued  with  your  name  on  it  givin<2: 
notice  to  the  universities  and  colleges,  to  whicli  you  have  referred,  as  to 
where  the  application  should  be  mailed  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Doyle.  By  those  interested. 

(The  witness  conferred  Avith  her  counsel.) 

]Miss  Rubinstein.  I  have  no  knowledge  of  any  such  document  and 
iim  not  in  possession  of  any  such  document.  I  do  not  know  whether  or 
not  there  was  any  subsequent  document  issued. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Well,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  this  document  itself  states  that 
details  as  to  filing  of  applications  were  sent  to  periodicals  which  are 
named  here,  so  that  you  did  send  public  information  as  to  where 
applications  should  be  sent,  did  you  not  ? 

Mr.  Nfjedleman.  You  said  subsequent  to  this.  This  has  reference, 
ns  I  understand  it,  to  a  prior  time. 

Mr.  Doyle.  This  statement  and  several  others  adding  details  as  to 
the  filing  of  applications  were  sent  to  such  periodicals? 

Mr.  Needleman.  "Were."  That  is  in  the  past  tense,  at  the  time 
when  this  was  printed. 

Mr.  Doyle.  That  is  rather  technical  but  you  get  my  point.  In 
other  words,  subsequent  to  your  having  sent  out  the  details  that  you 
said  you  sent. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  "WHiat  is  the  "you"?  You  can't  assume  that  I 
sent  any  details  on  anything  that  I  have  said. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Well,  you  participated  in  it,  manifestly. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  There  is  no  such  assumption  in  anything  I  have 
said. 

I  have  declined  to  answer  any  question  as  to  whether  I  participated 
in  any  such  Fund  or  in  sending  out  any  material,  and  I  cannot  accept 
tlie  assumption  that  I  did  by  your  saying  "You  sent  out." 

Mr.  SciiERER.  Is  Mr.  Doyle's  assumption  erroneous  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  have  already  refused  either  to  affirm  or  deny 
it  so  that  I  can  only  say  it  is  not  a  reasonable  assumption.  I  cannot 
say  whether  it  is  true  or  false.  I  have  declined  to  answer  that  several 
times  on  the  grounds  of  the  first  and  fifth. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Do  you  have  in  your  possession  now  any  printed  or 
mimeographed  or  written  statement  of  which  you  have  over  sent  a 
copy  to  any  applicant  giving  the  details  of  the  Fund  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Doyle.  Here  is  an  announcement  Avitli  your  name  on  it.  Now, 
did  you  ever  send  out  any  statement  of  details  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Now  you  are  asking  if  I  ever  sent  out  and  I  de- 
clined to  answer  this  question  previously  and  still  decline  to  answer 
it  on  the  grounds  of  the  first  and  fiftiramendment.  It  is  the  same 
question  over.  Since  the  service  of  the  subpena  I  have  had  no  such 
documents  in  my  possession. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Tavenner,  make  this  a  part  of  the  record. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes.  I  offer  in  evidence  as  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No. 
7"  the  document.  Statement  by  Members  of  the  Awards  Committee, 
presented  by  the  witness. 


26  SUBVERSIVE   ACTIVITIES   CONTROL   ACT   OF    105  0 

(Document  marked  "Kubinstein  Exhibit  No.  7"  follows :) 
Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  7 
THE  FUND  FOR  SOCIAL  ANALYSIS 

STATEMENT  BY  MEMBERS  OF  THE  AWARDS  COMMITTEE 
During  the  past  year  the  college  campuses  from  Berkeley  to 

Boston  have  become  a  center  of  opposition  to  the  House 
UnAmerican  Activities  Committee.     It  is  therefore  significant 
that  the  HUAC  is  now  opening  its  new  year  by  scheduling 
hearings  which  make  fresh  inroads  on  the  freedom  of  scientific 
inquiry  and  scholarship. 

The  HUAC  has  just  opened  an  attack  on  the  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis,    an  informal  private  association  for  the  encourage- 
ment of  research  into  questions  of  Marxist  theory  and  its 
application.     The  HUAC  has  issued  subpoenas  to  members  of 
the  Awards  Committee  of  the  Fund,   and  to  a  number  of  the 
scholars  who  have  received  gretnts-in-aid  from  it  to  assist 
them  in  completing  specific  projects.     The  HUAC  is  also 
demanding  a  list  of  the  Fund's  donors,   of  rejected  applications, 
etc. 

The  nature  and  purpose  of  the  Fund,    and  the  kind  of  research 
it  was  set  up  to  aid,    are  explicitly  described  in  its  statement 
of  policy,    issued  on  its  formation  in  1958.     This  statement, 
which  was  then  and  subsequently  posted  on  many  university 
bulletin  boards  and  summarized  in  learned  periodicals,    reads: 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT   OF    1960  27 


The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is  an  informal  organization  ot 
individuals  interested  in  aiding  research  on  problems  of 
Marxist  theory  and  its  application.      The  Fund  is  designed  to 
bring  together  people  who  want  to  encourage  such  studies  and 
to  provide  financial  assistance  toward  their  production.     It 
operates  without  paid  personnel  or  other  overhead  costs. 
Money  is  raised  entirely  through  the  voluntary  activities  of  the 
membership,    and  all  contributions  are  allocated  in  their 
entirety  for  research  grants. 

Socialist  thinking  in  the  United  States  has  traditionally  neglected 
analytical  and  basic  theoretical  work.      The   retarding  effect  of 
this  failure  on  the  socialist  and  labor  movements  in  our  country 
is  today  more  apparent  than  ever  before.     Under  the  recent 
pressures  for  social  conformity,    research  on  problems  opened 
up  by  Marxist  theory  has  dwirtdled  to  a  particularly  low  level. 
It  is  the  purpose  of  the  Fund  to  do  what  it  can  to  correct  this 
situation  by  providing  grants-in-aid  for  research  and  publica- 
tion to  social  scientists  analyzing  or  applying  Marxist 
hypotheses. 

In  making  its  awards  the  Fund  will  be  guided  solely  by  its 
estimate  of  the  intellectual  qualifications  of  the  applicants  and 
the  significance  of  the  problems  they  propose  to  study.     Its 
object  is  to  promote  research  in  an  area  of  inquiry,    not  to 
popularize  a  set  of  uncritical  beliefs.     Every  scientist  must  be 
to  some  extent  a  critic  of  the  theories  he  examines  or  applies. 
He  alone  is  the  proper  person  to  decide  how  far  the  criticism 
shall  go. 

Projects  for  books  or  essays  in  all  fields  of  social  science  will 
be  welcomed.     Topics  bearing  upon  current  problenns  will  be 
given  preference  over  those  of  purely  historical  interest. 
Topics  bearing  upon  the  United  States  will  be  given  preference 
over  those   solely  concerned  with  other  countries. 

This  statement  and  several  others  adding  details  as  to  the 

filing  of  applications  were  sent  to  such  periodicals  as  the 

American  Economic  Review,    Monthly  Review,    American 

Journal  of  Sociology,    Journal  of  the  History  of  Ideas,    Science 

and  Society,    Journal  of  Philosophical  &c  Phenomenological 


72930—61- 


28  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 


Research,    and  to  the  Economics,    Political  Science,    and  other 
Social  Science  departments  of  all  universities  with  graduate 
schools.     (Copies  of  this  material  will  be  nnailed  upon  request. 
Many  applications  for  grants  were   subsequently  received  from 
both  academic  figures  and  unaffiliated  students.      The  Awards 
Committee,    which  had  sole  responsibility  for  considering  and 
deciding  upon  all  applications,    made  the  following  awards, 
which  were  all  publicly  announced. 

Martin  J.    Sklar,    graduate  student,    $2,  000  to  enable  him  to 
complete  his  study  of  the  background  and 
development  of  U.S.    imperialist  ideology  since  the  time  of 
McKinley . 

Professor  Paul  A.    Baran.    author  of  POLITICAL  ECONOMY  OF 

GROWTH,    $1,500  to  facilitate  com- 
pletion of  a  Marxian  analysis  of  monopoly  capitalism  which  he 
is  writing  jointly  with  Dr.    Paul  M.    Sweezy. 

Dr.    Herbert  Aptheker.    author  of  NEGRO  SLAVE  REVOLTS, 
DOCUMENTARY  HISTORY  OF  THE 
AMERICAN  NEGRO,    $1,000  for  research  expenses  in  connec- 
tion with  the  documentation  of  his  history  of  the  Civil  War 
period,    scheduled  for  publication  during  the  Civil  War  Centen- 
nial in  1961. 

Professor  William  Appleman  Wjlliams,    author  of  SHAPING 

AMERICAN  DIPLO- 
MACY 1750-1955,    THE  TRAGEDY  OF  AMERICAN  DIPLOMACY, 
$1,  500  to  assist  in  the  completion  of  an  interpretive  history  of 
the  United  States  from  the   sixteenth  century  to  the  present  day. 

Professor  Gordon  K.    Lewis,    author  of  articles  published  in  a 

great  variety  of  learned  journals 
including  the  Western  Political  Quarterly,    the  Political 
Quarterly  of  London,    and  the  Journal  of  Politics,    $1,000  to 
assist  in  the  completion  of  his  book  entitled  AMERICA  AS  A 
COLONIAL  POWER:   THE  PUERTO  RICAN  EXPERIENCE. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  29 


Dr.   Bernice  Shoul,    Instructor  of  economics,    author  of  articles 

in  such  periodicals  as  the  Quarterly  Journal 
of  Economics,    $1,500  to  assist  in  the  completion  of  a  series  of 
essays  on  the  relation  between  Marxian  and  Classical  economics. 

The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  has  never  attempted  to  qualify  as 
a  tax  exempt  organization,    or  to  secure  any  other  form  of 
public  assistance.     It  has  consistently  publicized  its  special 
interest  in  fostering  critical  Marxist  scholarship,    and  has  had 
no  concern  whatever  with  any  other  form  of  activity  or  organi- 
zation. 

It  therefore  seems  clear  that  the  present  harassment  by  the 
HUAC  is  aimed  directly  at  the  liberty  of  thought  and  right  to 
knowledge  which  are  basic  for  all  academic  freedom.     We  are 
confident  that  the  academic  community  which  has  evinced  such 
a  courageous  and  widespread  resistance  to  intinnidation  by  the 
HUAC  will  realize- that  this  latest  attack  concerns  all  those 
interested  in  freedom  of  inquiry  and  opinion. 

We  should  very  much  appreciate  receiving  any  individual  state- 
ments or  group  resolutions  on  this  position,   or  on  the  pending 
action  of  the  HUAC. 


(signed)  Harry  Magdoff 

Barrov;s  Dunham      Russ  Nixon 

Irving  Kaplan       Annette  T.   Rubinstein 


30  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT    OF    1950 

Mr.  Tavenner,  Mr.  Chairman,  I  offer  in  evidence  as  "Rubinstein 
Exhibit  No.  8,"  a  photostatic  copy  of  a  passport  application,  pro- 
cured by  subpena  duces  tecum,  bearing  date  of  May  16, 1936. 

(The  witness  confers  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Dr.  Rubinstein,  it  is  noted  from  the  application 
that  you  stated  that  you  intended  to  visit  the  following  countries  for 
the  purposes  indicated.     "England,  sightseeing;  France,  sightseeing." 

You  nuxy  examine  it  to  see  that  I  have  stated  it  correctly, 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  May  I  ask  the  chairman  the  relevance  of  this 
25-year-old,  is  it,  27-year-old  application? 

The  Chairman.  I  just  asked  counsel  the  same  question  and  he  said 
it  woidd  appear  very  soon,  so  go  ahead,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  comisel.) 

Mr,  Tavenner,  Did  you  travel  to  the  Soviet  Union  under  this  pass- 
port and  there  enter  a  university  or  school  for  instruction  operated  by 
the  Soviet  Government  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Well,  I  must  ask  first  for  some  indication  that 
this  has  any  relevancy  whatsoever  to  the  cuiTent  inquiry  as  to  tax 
exemption  on  the  grounds  of  organizations. 

Mr.  Ta\tenner.  You  are  raising  the  question  of  pertinency  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Pertinence,  yes. 

INIr.  Tavenner.  I  think  it  should  be  quite  apparent  that  the  Com- 
munist Party  activities  of  a  person  who  is  alleged  to  be  the  secretary 
of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  would  have  a  bearing  upon  the  type 
of  propaganda  activities  in  which  that  organization  is  engaged,  and 
the  reason  for  asking  this  particular  question  is  to  find  out  about  your 
own  Communist  activities  which  the  committee,  also  in  its  opening 
statement,  said  was  of  importance  in  considering  these  matters. 

(The  witness  conferred  wdth  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Now  please  answer  it. 

IVIr.  Needleman.  May  I  consult? 

( The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel. ) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  In  1936,  I  did  not  visit  the  Soviet  Union  and 
visited,  as  it  says  on  the  passport  here,  England  and  France  and  I 
think  I  passed  through  Belgium  or  Holland  for  a  day  or  two. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  But  you  did  not  go  to  the  Soviet  Union  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  did  not  go  to  the  Soviet  Union  in  1936. 

Mr.  Moulder.  That  was  not  the  question,  Mr.  Chairman. 

Mr,  Needleman.  The  question  was  under  this  document. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  It  was  under  this  document. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Now,  I  oifer  in  evidence  as  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No. 
9"  a  photostatic  copy  of  a  passport  renewal  application  for  travel  on 
the  Queen  Mary  on  July  19, 1939. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Which  states  that  the  party  intended  to  travel  to 
England  and  Russia  for  pleasure.  You  may  examine  this  renewal 
and  state  whether  or  not,  as  a  result  of  the  issuance  of  that  renewal 
of  your  passport,  you  traveled  to  the  Soviet  Union  and  there  entered 
a  university  or  school  of  instruction  operated  by  the  Soviet  Gov- 
ernment. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  31 

Miss  Rubinstein.  In  1939  in  accordance  with  the  stated  purpose 
of  the  passport  application,  I  traveled  for  pleasure  to  England  and 
the  Soviet  Union  and  I  think  some  of  the  Scandinavian  countries.  I 
entered  no  university,  no  school  of  any  sort.  I  think  I  was  about 
8  days,  10  days  in  the  Soviet  Union  certainly;  maybe  2  weeks.  I 
don't  remember. 

(Documents  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibits  Nos.  8  and  9,"  respective- 
ly, and  retained  in  committee  files.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  offer  in  evidence  the  photostatic  copy  of  a  pass- 
port application  dated  January  26,  1959,  in  which  you  set  forth  that 
you  desire  to  travel  to  England,  France,  Italy,  Denmark,  Sweden, 
Norway,  Poland,  Czechoslovakia,  Russia,  and  Israel. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Israel  ? 

Mr.  Tavennek.  Yes. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  didn't  get  there. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  engage  in  that  travel  ? 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Yes,  exactly  as  stated  in  the  passport.  In  each 
case  I  fulfilled  the  objectives  stated  in  the  passport  except  I  didn't 
get  to  Israel  or  Italy  in  this  case,  but  I  traveled  in  England,  France, 
and  these  other  countries. 

(Document  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  10"  and  retained  in 
committee  files.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  at  the 
time  you  engaged  in  that  travel  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  privacy  of  political  belief  and  opinion  and  the  protection  afforded 
by  the  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  engage  in  travel  to  those  countries  as  a 
result  of  a  request  originating  from  any  one  or  more  of  those  coun- 
tries? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  No,  I  engaged  in  travel  to  those  countries  as  a 
result  of  a  request  from  my  mother  who  was  75  and  asked  for  that  as 
a  birthday  present  that  she  wanted  to  travel  and  see  those  countries, 
and  so  I  arranged  to  travel  and  take  her  with  me  on  a  visit  to  these 
countries. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  hand  you  now  an  issue  of  Jewish  Currents  bearing 
date  of  November  1960,  where  I  find  an  article  entitled  "Jews  With- 
out Money — Not  Jews  Without  Love,"  by  Annette  T.  Rubinstein. 

Will  you  identify  that,  please,  as  an  article  published  by  you? 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Yes. 

(Document  marked  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  11,"  and  retained  in 
committee  files.) 

(The  witness  conferrred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Yes,  this  looks  like 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Now,  I  am  not  interested  in  the  contents  of  the 
article,  but  if  you  will  note  at  the  bottom  of  the  first  page  in  italics 
there  is  certain  material.    Will  you  read  it,  please,  into  the  record? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  You  mean  what  it  says  here  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes. 


32  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT    OF    1950 

Miss  lit  BIX  STEIN  (reading)  : 

Dr.  Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  author  of  The  Great  Tradition  in  English  Litera- 
ture from  Shakespeare  to  Shaw  (N.Y.,  1953),  is  at  present  in  Europe,  lecturing 
by  invitation  at  the  U.  of  Warsaw,  Charles  U.  and  the  Shakespeare  Society 
in  Prague,  Humboldt  U.  in  East  Berlin  and  the  Universities  of  Leipzig,  Jena 
;ind  Rostock  in  East  Germany.  She  will  again  be  available  for  lecture  engage- 
ments in  tbe  New  York  area  in  Jan.  and  Feb.,  1f)t)l  and  on  the  West  Coast  in 
March. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  That  seems  to  be  a  far  different  statement  from  the 
interest  of  your  mother  in  seeing  these  countries. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  thought  you  asked  me  whether  I  went  there 
al  the  request  of  any  of  these  countries.  Wasn't  that  your  question? 
And  T  answered  that  I  went  at  the  request  of  my  mother.  If  you 
would  like  more  information  I  will  be  glad  to.  In  order  to  finish 
this  trip,  sinco  it  is  an  expensive  thing,  I  wrote  to  the  vanous  uni- 
versities and  literary  organizations  in  Europe  which  I  knew  knew  of 
my  book.  The  Great  Tradition  in  English  Literature  from  Shakespeare 
to  Shaw,  and  asked  whether  they  would  be  willing  to  arrange  lectures 
oi'  let  me  arrange  them  and  pay  for  them  in  sufficient  currency  of 
the  country  to  cover  my  living  expenses  during  the  time  that  I  would 
be  there. 

In  many  cases  the  universities  answered  they  would  be  glad  to  ha^-e 
me  lecture  on  the  Influence  of  Freud  on  Eugene  O'Neill  or  the  Place 
of  the  Negro  in  American  Literature  or  Man  Triumphant  in  Shake- 
speare and  Woman  Too,  or  a  series  of  other  similar  lecture  topics  and 
that  they  would  be  glad  to  cover  the  expenses  during  4  days  or  o  days 
or  whatever  the  period  of  time  that  I  would  be  lecturing  there,  and 
tliis  was  how  this  worked  out. 

Mr.  Scherer.  What  were  the  countries  in  which  you  lectured  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  lectured  in  Denmark,  yes,  in  Denmark;  in 
England:  in  the  Soviet  Union;  in  Czecho;  in  Poland;  in  Germany; 
in  France. 

Mr.  Mot'i-nER.  East  Germany? 

Mr.  T AVENNER.  East  Berlin. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  East  Berlin,  Leipzig,  Jena,  Rostock,  Potsdam. 

j\Ir.  Tavenner.  Both  of  Avhich  are  in  Germany,  both  Jena  and 
Rostock? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Yes;  and  London  and  Paris  and  Copenhagen. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  had  also  taught  at  the  Jefferson  School  of 
Social  Science  as  late  as  1956,  had  you  not  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  ansM-er  this  on  the  grounds  of  the  first 
and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  Jefferson  School  of  Social  Science  was  desig- 
nated as  subversive  by  the  Subversive  Activities  Control  Board  in 
June  1955,  and  it  terminated  its  existence  in  November  of  1956.  You 
were  teaching  there  in  1956  when  it  closed,  were  you  not? 

^Sliss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Those  who  had  been  conducting  the  Jefferson 
School  of  Social  Science  reorganized  the  school  under  a  different 
name,  did  they  not,  the  name  being  the  Faculty  of  Social  Science? 
Do  you  know  about  that  ? 

Miss  RuiiiNSTEiN.  I  decline  to  answer  this  on  the  grounds  of  the 
first  and  fifth  amendment. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  33 

Mr.  Tavennek.  Were  you  associated  with  the  new  institution, 
Facuhy  of  Social  Science? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  tliis  on  the  ^'rounds  of  the 
Hrst  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  attempting  in  the  work  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis,  the  first  record  of  which  we  can  find  is  January  1058, 
a  continuation  of  the  same  work  that  you  Avere  engaged  in  at  the 
Jefl'erson  School  of  Social  Science? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  You  say  "were  you"? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes,  you. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Since  I  have  neither  affirmed  nor  denied  that  1 
was  ever  engaged  in  the  Jefferson  School  or  in  The  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis,  I  don't  see  how  I  can  answer  such  a  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Answer  it,  please. 

The  Chairman.  Answer  the  question. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  have  already  declined  to  answer  the  questions 
on  an  answer  to  which  this  question  is  based  and  I  decline  to  answer 
this  question  on  the  grounds  of  the  first  and  fifth. 

Mr.  Doyle.  May  I  ask  the  witness  a  question,  please?  I  cannot 
help  but  notice  the  real  pride  on  your  part  with  which  you  acknowl- 
edged your  connection  with  lecturing  in  Europe.  You  did  not  claim 
any  privilege  as  to  whether  you  lectured  in  these  universities  in 
Europe.  Why  do  you  not  claim  the  same  pride  in  answering  the  two 
or  three  questions  with  regard  to  the  Jefferson  School?  What  is 
the  difi'erence  that  you  had  to  claim  the  privilege  as  to  one? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Can  I  consult  with  counsel  ? 

( The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Mr.  Doyle.  You  claim  the  privilege  in  respect  to  the  Jefferson 
School.     What  is  the  difference  ? 

(The  AATtness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  said  that  I  lectured  at  these  universities  and 
that  I  made  these  arrangements  because  of  the  economics  of  the 
tiling,  the  financial  expense  of  traveling. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  In  Exhibit  No.  4,  reference  is  made  to  a  panel  of 
consultants  in  special  fields.  Will  you  tell  us  what  the  panel  of 
consultants  is? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  May  I  see  the  reference  in  the  exhibit,  please? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  read  the  reference  in  the  document? 

Miss  Rubinstein  (reading)  : 

*  *  *  For  the  first  year  of  the  Fund's  operations,  the  Committee  on  Awards 
comprises  the  following :  Frank  Coe,  Irving  Kaplan,  Harry  Magdoff,  Stanley 
Moore,  Russell  Xixon,  Annette  Rubinstein  and  J.  Raymond  Walsh,  as  weU  as  a 
panel  of  consultants  in  special  fields  who  are  available  on  call. 

Mr.  Ta\t:nner.  Will  you  explain  to  us,  please,  the  panel  of  special 
consultants? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  question  on  grounds  of 
the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  mentioned  Frank  Coe.  Do  you  know  where 
Frank  Coe  is  today  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  You  mean  I  read  the  name  from  the  paper? 

Mr.  Tavtenner.  Yes. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  decline  to  answer  this  (juestioii  on  grounds  of 
the  first  and  fifth  amendment. 


34  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

Mr.  Taa-enner.  Now  I  have  not  asked  you  the  usual  questions  that 
1  ask  witnesses  regarding  their  educational  training  because  all  of 
that  has  been  asked  you  before  when  you  appeared  before  this  com- 
mittee some  years  ago. 

I  have  no  further  questions,  Mr.  Chairman. 

The  CiiAiRMAx.  Are  there  any  questions,  Mr.  Moulder  ? 

Mr.  Moulder.  I  believe  not,  Mr.  Chairman. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Doyle  ? 

j\Ir.  Doyle.  I  have  no  further  questions. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Willis? 

Mr.  Willis.  I  have  no  questions. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Tuck  ? 

Mr.  Tuck.  I  have  no  questions. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Scherer? 

Mr.  SciiERER.  Miss  Rubinstein,  you  said  you  were  in  Chicago,  I 
believe,  when  you  were  served  with  the  first  subpena  from  this 
committee. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Yes,  sir.  I  wanted  to  know  if  the  fare  would  be 
paid  from  Chicago  to  New  York  to  Washington  rather  than  from 
New  York  to  Washington  since  I  was  served  in  Chicago. 

Mr.  Scherer.  When  was  that  first  subpena  served  on  you?  Do 
you  remember? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  It  was  the  second  week  in  April.  You  probably 
have  the  date  but  it  must  have  been  either  April— I  think  the  11th. 
It  may  liave  been  the  10th. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Were  you  lecturing  in  Chicago  at  that  time? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Yes. 

Mr.  Scherer.  At  that  time  your  home,  however,  was  in  New  York 
City? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  w^as  not  scheduled  to  return  to  New  York 
until  May.  I  came  back  because  this  hearing  was  originally  set  for 
April  26! 

The  Chairman.  That  is  not  responsive. 

Mr.  Scherer.  I  just  asked  whether  your  home  at  the  time  you 
were  served  with  this  subpena  was  this  address  that  we  have  liad 
read  into  the  record. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Yes,  this  is  correct. 

Mr.  Scherer.  It  was  the  address  that  appeared  on  that  letter  that 
you  refused  to  identify  that  the  chairman  asked  you  about? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  would  have  to  see  the  letter  but  it  was  the 
address  I  gave  you,  59  West  7lst. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Could  I  have  that  letter? 

Mr.  Needleman.  It  is  59  West  7lst. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  New  York  City. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Was  that  subpena  served  on  you  in  Chicago  a  duces 
tecum  subpena? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Just  one  second  and  I  will  see.  I  think — yes,  it 
was. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Yes. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Of  course,  when  you  were  in  Chicago 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Excuse  me.     It  was.     Yes. 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  answer  to  the  question  is  "yes." 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT   OF    1960  35 

Mr.  ScHERER.  When  you  were  in  Chicago,  when  the  subpena  was 
served  on  you,  engaging  in  this  lecture,  naturally  you  did  not  have  in 
your  possession  in  Chicago  the  records  of  this  Fund,  did  you? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  EuBiNSTEiN.  I  have  already  testified  I  did  not  have  in  my 
possession  in  Chicago  or  anywhere  else  the  records  at  the  time  when 
the  subpena  was  served. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  When  this  subpena  was  served  on  you,  is  it  not  a  fact 
that  you  got  in  touch  with  some  of  the  officers  or  employees  of  this 
Fund  and  asked  them  to  get  from  your  home  or  from  your  office  the 
records  of  this  Fund  so  that  you  would  be  in  a  position  to  testify  here 
today  that  they  were  not  in  your  possession  or  under  your  control  at 
the  time  this  subpena  was  served  on  you  in  Chicago  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  her  counsel.) 

Miss  EuBiNSTEiN.  That  is  not  the  fact. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  That  is  not  a  fact  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Not  a  fact. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Where  were  the  records  at  the  time  you  were  in 
Chicago  and  were  served  with  the  subpena  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  They  were  not  in  my  possession  or  under  my 
control  at  that  time  or  at  any  time  since. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Obviously  in  Chicago  they  were  not  in  your  pos- 
session. 

Miss  Rubinstein.  They  were  not  in  my  possession  anywhere. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Where  were  they  then  when  you  were  served  with 
the  subpena  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  I  don't  know  where  they  were.  I  only  know 
where  they  were  not.  They  were  not  in  my  home.  Tliey  were  not 
in  my  personal  possession.  They  were  not  anywhere  where  I  had 
actual  control.  Whether  such  records  were  in  existence  I  am  not 
answering,  but  I  did  not  have  control  or  possession  of  any  such  records 
at  that  time. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  When  you  were  served  with  the  subpena  in  Chicago, 
did  you  know  where  those  records  were  irrespective  of  the  fact  that 
you  say  they  were  not  in  your  possession  or  under  your  control  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  When  I  was  served  with  the  subpena  in  Chicago 
I  did  not  know  whether  such  records  existed  or  where  they  were  if 
they  existed. 

Mr.  Scherer.  When  was  the  last  time  that  you  knew  whether  such 
records  existed  ? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  This  is  the  same  question  again  that  I  have  de- 
clined to  answer  with  res])ect  to  a  period  prior  to  the  subpena.  I  have 
answered  at  that  time  and  subsequent,  not  prior,  on  the  grounds  of  the 
first  and  fifth. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Is  that  all  ? 

The  Chairman.  With  how  many  subpenas  were  you  served? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  Two  subpenas  and  two  telegrams,  I  think. 

The  Chairman.  When  you  speak  of  not  having  the  records  in  your 
possession  at  the  time  of  the  service  of  tlie  subpena  to  which  subpena 
are  you  referring? 

Miss  Rubinstein.  The  first  subpena  and  any  time  since. 

The  Chairman.  All  right. 

Are  there  any  further  questions  ? 


36  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    19.50 

Mr.  SciiAUEBEKG.  I  have  no  quest  ions. 

The  Chairman,  The  witness  is  excused. 

Call  your  next  witness,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

jSIr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Irving  Kaplan. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Kaplan,  do  you  mind  being  sworn  i 

Mr.  Kaplan.  No,  I  just  wanted  to  be  sure  I  got  these  things  back  in 
place. 

The  Chairman.  Do  you  swear  that  the  testimony  you  are  about  to 
give  will  be  the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  so 
help  you  God? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  do. 

TESTIMONY  OF  IRVING  KAPLAN,  ACCOMPANIED  BY  COUNSEL, 
ISIDORE  NEEDLEMAN 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  state  your  name,  address,  and  occupation  ( 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Irving  Kaplan,  *')60  Central  Park  West,  Xew  York 
City.     Economist  is  my  occupation. 

The  Chairman.  What  is  your  occupation  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Economist. 

Mr.  Ta\  ENNER.  Will  counsel  accompanying  tlie  witness  please  iden- 
tify himself  for  the  record? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Isidore  Needleman,  165  Broadway,  New  York  6, 
New  York. 

Mr.  Tam^nner.  Mr.  Ka})lan,  I  hand  you  the  photostatic  copy  of  a 
Certificate  of  Authority  for  TTnincorporated  Association  Account 
which  has  been  introduced  in  evidence  as  "Eubinstein  Exhibit  No.  1." 
I  hand  it  to  you  and  ask  you  if  you  see  the  name  "Irving  Kaplan, 
Treasurer,"  on  the  statement. 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Thank  you.     I  do. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  see  what  purports  to  be  a  signature  of  the 
name  Irving  Kaplan,  treasurer? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  do,  yes. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  is  that  name  that  appears  as  a  signature? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Well,  as  I  read  it,  it  is  Irviivi  Ka]:)lan. 

Mr.  Tav'lnner.  You  read  it  as  Irving  Knplan.  Is  tliei-e  any  doubt 
in  your  mind  but  what  it  is  your  signature  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  would  like  to  consult  with  counsel. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  This  is  a  personal  question  and,  l^efore  I  go  on  with 
my  response  to  that,  I  think  it  would  be  well  for  the  record  to  show 
wiiat  the  Fund  is  since  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  since  the  hear- 
ings  

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  will  be  given  an  opportunity  to  explain  ques- 
tions about  the  Fund  afterward. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  My  response.  I  think,  Avill  not  be  properly  understood 
unless  there  is  an  understanding  of  what  the  Fund  is  and  what  T 
understand  it- 

The  Chairman.  Answer  the  question,  Mr.  Kaplan,  Is  thaf  your 
signature? 

Mr.  Needleman,  He  is  about  to  answpr  the  question, 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  37 

Mr.  ICaplan.  I  am  answering  that  question. 

The  Chairman.  Is  that  your  signature? 

Mr.  IvAPLAN.  I  am  answering  the  question.  My  response,  I  think,  to 
be  properly  understood,  has  to  be  understood  m  the  context  of  the 
reference  to  what  the  Fund  is. 

The  Chairman.  You  can  answer  the  question,  is  that  you  signa- 
ture ?    Then  we  will  go  into  the  other  matters. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  various  grounds  for  declining  to  answer  tliat 
question  and  I  think  that  the  support  of  each  of  those  grounds  requires 
some  understanding  of  what  Tlie  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is. 

The  Chairman.  Now  you  answer  the  question,  is  that  your  signa- 
ture on  that  paper  which  was  just  handed  to  you  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  said  I  am  going  to  decline  to  answer  that  ques- 
tion on  a  number  of  grounds  and  those  grounds  include,  first,  simple 
human  dignity  and  the  universal  declaration  of  human  rights  which 
it  seems  to  me  is  the  basis  of  the  rights  granted  in  ci\dlized  society  and 
recognized  by  civilized  society  and  by  the  Constitution,  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  of  the  United  States  for  many,  many  years. 

I  am  going  to  decline  to  answer  that  statement,  that  question,  for  a 
number  of  reasons  that  are  more  explicitly  in  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  and,  if  you  will  not  let  me  put  into  the  record  the 
statement  as  to  what  the  Fund  is  and  what  it  does,  I  tliink  the  under- 
standing of  my  answer,  my  declination  may  be  prejudiced  by  it. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

The  Chairman.  Is  this  not  the  usual  statement  requested  and  re- 
quired by  banks  of  treasurers  of  organizations  before  they  honor  drafts 
drawn  by  the  officers  in  the  organization  ? 

Mr.  Iv^vPLAN.  I  cannot  answer  that  question  but  I  would  like  to 
submit  for  the  record 

The  Chairman.  Just  a  minute.    Let  me  see  that  first. 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  chairman.) 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

The  Chairman.  This  is  a  simple  certificate  of  authority  for  un- 
incorporated association  account  em])owering  the  withdrawal  of 
funds.  Is  this  your  name  on  this  paper  furnished  to  the  bank.  The 
Amalgamated  Bank  of  New  York,  designating  you  as  treasurer  of 
this  organization  ?    Is  this  your  signature  ? 

Mr,  Kaplan.  I  am  going  to  decline  to  answer  that  statement,  that 
(juestion,  on  the  grounds  I  have  already  given  and  the  grounds  also 
of  the  ninth  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  the 
first  amendment  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  the  fifth 
amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  I  would  like 
to  state  my  position  on  that  in  full  if  you  will  permit  me,  please. 

The  Chairman.  You  have  answered  the  question. 

Go  on,  Mr.  Tavenner,  and  ask  another  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Kaplan,  there  was  served  on  you  as  treasurer 
of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  a  subpena  requiring  you  to  pro- 
duce certain  records. 

I  now  offer  in  evidence  the  return  made  by  the  investigator  of  this 
committee  who  served  the  document.  May  it  be  marked  "Kaplan 
Exhibit  No.  1." 


38  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

jMr.  Kaplan,  this  document,  tliis  subpena  requires  you  as  treasurer 
to  produce— 

(1)  All  books  of  account  of  the  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  showing  receipts 
and  disbursements  from  January  1, 1958,  to  date ; 

(2)  Cancelled  checks  of  the  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  from  January  1,  1958, 
to  date ; 

(3)  Bank  statements  of  the  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  from  January  1,  1958, 
to  date ;  and 

(4)  Copies  of  all  Federal  tax  returns  filed  by  the  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 
from  January  1, 1958,  to  date. 

Please  produce  the  records  at  this  time. 

(Document  marked  "Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  1"  and  retained  in  com- 
mittee files.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  here  all  the  records  called  for  by  this  subpena 
which  I  had  in  my  possession  at  the  time  of  this  subpena  and  at  the 
time  of  a  prior  subpena  that  was  served  on  me  calling  for  exactly  the 
same  records,  and  they  include  I  think  all  the  records. 

Well,  I  am  sure  they  include  all  the  records  which  I  have  had  in  my 
possession  of  that  kind  specified  since  that  time. 

I  mention  that  because  I  think  there  is  included  in  this  one  bank 
statement  which  arrived  subsequent  to  the  first  subpena. 

The  documents  I  have  are  as  follows 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Possibly  if  we  take  them  up  in  the  order  in  which 
they  appear  here  we  can  see  wdiich  you  have  and  which  you  do  not 
have. 

All  books  of  accoimt  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  showing 
receipts  and  disbursements  from  January  1,  1958  to  date. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  All  the  documents  I  have  in  answer  to  that  request 
or  command  or  demand  are  encompassed  in  the  bank  statements, 
canceled  checks,  and  the  bank  books  that  I  brought  with  me. 

The  Chairman.  The  bank  statement  w^ould  not  show  who  made 
contributions. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  cannot  say  anything  about  what  the  statement 
would  show. 

The  Chairman.  JNIr.  Tavenner  has  asked  for  something  that  would 
contain  evidence  not  appearing  in  the  bank  records. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  don't  see  anything  in  here  asking  me. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  All  books  of  account. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  All  books  of  account  of  the  Fund  showing  receipts 
and  disbursements. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  had  no  books  of  accounts  at  the  time  either  of  the 
subpenas  were  served  on  me  or  since. 

Mr.  Taa  enner.  Where  were  they  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Other  than 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Excuse  me.     Other  than  what  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Other  than  those  I  have  here  with  me. 

Now,  if  you  will  let  me  run  through  these,  you  will  laiow  what 
they  are. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes,  but  just  a  moment.  Where  are  the  books  of 
account  which  would  show  receipts  and  disbursements? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  What  books  of  account? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0  39 

Mr,  Ta\t3Nner.  Any  books  of  account  that  you  have  ever  main- 
tained at  any  time  since  January  1,  1958,  showing  receipts  and  dis- 
bursements. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  These  are  all  the  books  and  accounts  I  had  at  the 
time  that  either  subpena  was  served  upon  me  and  subsequent  thereto. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  understand.  You  have  stated  that  specifically 
each  time. 

Now,  I  did  not  ask  you  for  them  just  at  the  time  that  the  papers 
were  served.     I  am  asking  you  for  all  the  books  that  have  existed. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  had  no  other  books  of  account. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  are  they  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  At  the  time. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  are  they  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  How  many  questions  do  you  ask  in  one  question,  Mr. 
Tavenner  ? 

Mr,  Tavenner.  That  is  only  one  question.  Where  are  they? 
Where  are  the  books  ? 

Mr.  Iv^vpLAN.  I  don't  know  where  they  are.  If  you  will  describe 
to  me  what  they  are,  perhaps  I  could  answer  your  question  better. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  All  right,  sir.     That  is  a  fair  proposition. 

Did  you  keep  any  record  of  accounts,  showing  receipts  of  loans  or 
donations  to  your  organization  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Did  I  keep  ?     When  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner,  Did  you  have  any  ? 

Mr,  Kaplan,  I  kej)t  all  these  records  which  I  am  about  to  give 
you. 

Mr,  Tavenner.  Those  are  bank  statements  and  checks. 

Did  you  keep  any  account  book  or  record  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Did  I  maintain  an  account  book  or  record? 

Mr.  Ta\t;nner.  Did  you  have  any  at  any  time  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  an  account  book  of  an  account  with  the  East 
Kiver  Savings  Bank. 

Mr.  TA^•ENNER.  That  is  an  account  book  between  you  and  the  bank. 
I  am  talking  about  a  record  that  would  show"  receipts. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Let  me  correct  you.  That  is  an  account  of  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis, 

Mr,  Kaplan.  The  statement  on  this  bank  book  is :  No.  443,748,  East 
River  Savings  Bank  in  account  with  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis. 

Mr.  Willis.  Mr,  Chairaian. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Willis. 

Mr.  Willis.  Our  counsel  is  now  questioning  the  witness  with  refer- 
ence to  whether  the  subpena  duces  tecum  has  been  complied  with. 
I  think  he  knows  exactly  what  the  pending  question  is.  It  is  a  simple 
one,  I  do  not  think  in  this  area  that  we  should  have  pussyfooting 
and,  unless  forthright  answers  are  forthcoming,  I  would  direct  that 
the  witness  be  ordered  to  answer  the  pending  question  and,  failing  in 
which,  that  we  should  proceed  with  other  questions  and  leave  him  at 
his  risk  and  peril  for  failure  to  respond  to  a  subpena. 

The  Chairman,  All  right. 

Read  the  first  item  on  the  subpena  duces  tecum,  Mr.  Tavenner, 

Mr.  Ta\t5nner.  All  books  of  account  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analy- 
sis showing  receipts  and  disbursements  from  January  1,  1958,  to  date. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Now,  is  that  a  question  directed  to  compliance  with 
the  subpena  duces  tecum  or  is  it  as  I  just  heard  said  ? 


40  SUBVERSIVE    ACTHTTIES    CON'TROL    ACT    OF    19  5  0 

Mr.  TA\rENNER.  It  is  a  demand  for  the  production  of  those  docu- 
ments. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  All  right.  These  documents  are  embraced  in  the 
bank  statements  which  I  have  here,  the  bank  accounts  I  have  here  and 
tlie  bank  book  I  have  liere  and  the  deposit  slips  for  the  bank  books 
that  I  have  with  it. 

The  (biAiR7.rAN.  Did  you  kee])  any  record  of  contributions  made 
to  the  organization? 

Mr.  Wii-iLis.  And  any  record  showing  the  disbursements  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Is  this  a  question  directed  to  my  compliance  witli 
tlie  subpena? 

Tlie  CiiAiRiMAisr.  I  am  asking  this  question. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  am  a  little  confused  now  because  I  heard  a  speecli 
which  said  that  we  have  now  departed  from  this. 

The  CiiAiioEAN.  Did  you,  in  your  official  capacity,  keep  a  record 
of  contributions  made  to  the  organization  and  disbursements  that 
you  made? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  May  I  consult  counsel,  please  ? 

(Tlie  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  been  a  bit  confused  by  the  statements  on  the 
one  hand  that  now  the  question  has  departed  from  the  compliance 
with  the  subpena  duces  tecum  and  then  in  furtherance  of  it  having 
read  to  me  again  the  first  item  of  the  subpena.  Now,  I  think  I  will 
answer  your  question  in  botli  ways  at  once  and  we  may  save  time 
that  way. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question  that  I 
asked. 

Mr.  Neeoleman.  Wliat  question  was  that? 

The  Chairman.  Did  you  keep  a  record  of  the  receipts  of  contribu- 
tions made  to  your  organization  and  of  disbursements  that  you,  as  an 
official  of  the  organization,  made  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  That  involves  a  question  as  to  me  as  an  official  and  I 
am  not  testifying  as  to  that.  I  am  invoking  the  declaration  of  human 
rights,  the  ninth  amendment  to  the  Constitution  which  embraces  it, 
the  first  amendment  to  tlie  Constitution  and  the  fifth  amendment  to 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Tlie  Chairman.  You  are  now  directed  to  answer  tliis  question. 

]\Ir.  Kaplan,  My  answer  is 

Mr.  Needleman.  Wait  a  minute.  Just  a  moment.  I  would  like  to 
know,  Mr.  Chairman,  in  order  to  properly  advise  my  client,  are  you 
asking,  now  directing  him  to  answer  whether  lie  ever  kept  any  records 
at  any  time,  regardless  of  the  subpena's  service,  at  tlie  time  of  the  sub- 
pena's  service? 

T)ie  Chairman.  No,  I  did  not  refer  to  that  at  all.  I  have  asked  the 
question.     You  heard  it. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  would  like  to  have  it. 

The  Chairman.  Read  the  question. 

( The  record  was  read  by  the  reporter. ) 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  that  question. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Well,  I  still  do  not  know  whether  you  are  asking  the 
([uestion  described  by  Mr.  Willis  before  as  something  separate  from 
the  subpena  or  as  part  of  it  and  I  will  answer  it  in  all  respects  as  I 
can  understand  it  right  uoav  so  that  there  can  be  no  question  about  it. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  41 

I  was  accused  of  pussyfooting  but  it  doesn't  seem  to  me  that  I  am 
the  one. 

Mr.  Willis.  I  did  not  say  you  were  pussyfooting-.  I  said  there 
should  be  none. 

The  Chairman.  I  asked  a  very  simple  question. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  The  answer  is  this  is  all  the  books  of  accounts,  all  the 
records  with  respect  to  books  of  accounts  that  I  had  at  the  time  the 
subpena  was  served  and  since  then  I  have  here  to  the  present. 

The  Chairman.  That  is  not  responsive. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  am  not  finished  with  my  answer,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  That  is  not  responsive  to  the  question.  I  did  not 
ask  you  about  that  at  all.     I  asked  you  did  you  keep  a  record  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  am  going  to  answer  the  rest  of  your  question. 

I  told  you  I  was  going  to  take  it  apart  so  that  I  would  be  sure  of 
what  I  am  answering  because  I  don't  understand  what  you  are  asking. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Sciierer.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  think  the  question  is  plain.  There 
has  been  a  direction  to  answer.     I  think  we  should  proceed  now. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Oh,  no,  Mr.  Scherer.  I  will  not  permit  the  record 
to  stand  that  way.  What  are  j^ou  trying  to  do,  trap  him?  He  wants 
to  give  the  second  part  of  the  answer. 

The  Chairman.  Just  a  minute. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Are  you  trying  to  trap  the  witness  or  are  you 
trying  to  elicit  information  ? 

Mr.  Scherer.  Keep  your  voice  down. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  don't  like  that  kind  of  tactic. 

The  Chairman.  Just  a  minute.     This  is  a  very  simple  question. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Let's  get  the  question  simple. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  explained  that  I  am  going  to  try  to  answer  it 
in  both  ways.  I  don't  understand  whether  it  is  with  reference  to  the 
duces  tecum  or  not  and  I  am  going  to  answer  it  in  l)oth  respects. 

With  reference  to  the  duces  tecum  I  have  here  all  the  records  that 
I  had  at  the  time  the  first  subpena  was  served  and  all  that  I  have 
acquired  since  that  are  called  for  by  that  subpena  including  this  one 
"All  books  of  accounts,"  and  so  forth.  With  respect  to  any  aspects 
of  your  question  which  may  refer  to  any  period — period  prior  to  that 
subpena,  or  to  the  identification  of  me  as  an  officer  of  this  Fund,  I 
decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  I  have  already  given  you. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

^Nlr.  Kaplan.  All  right.  The  declaration  of  human  rights  and, 
since  I  am  repeating  them,  1  might  as  well  give  you  the  sections  in 
the  declaration  of  human  rights. 

The  Chairman.  Do  not  bother. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  The  first  section  is  Article  10,  which  says  everyone 
is  entitled  in  full  equality  to  a  fair  and  public  hearing  by  an  inde- 
l)endent  and  impartial  tribunal  in  the  determination  of  his  rights  and 
obligations  and  it  seems  to  me  this  right  is  being  violated  right  now. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  In  addition  there  are  two  other  sections  of  the  declara- 
tion of  human  rights. 

The  Chairman.  Never  mind.  We  are  acquainted  with  that.  Go 
ahead,  Mr.  Tavenner, 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  wonder  whether  vou  ai'e.     Article  19 


42  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

The  Chairman.  Just  a  moment. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Then  on  the  m'ounds 


The  Chairman.  I  directed  you  to  answer  the  question  of  wliether 
or  not 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  answered. 

The  Chairman.  whether  or  not  you  kept  a  record  of  the  con- 
tributions made  to  this  organization  and  of  the  disbursements  of  the 
funds  of  the  organization  that  you  made  as  an  officer  of  the  organiza- 
tion. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  ICvPLAN.  "With  respect  to  any  aspects  of  that  question  which 
deals  with  a  period  prior  to  the  service  of  the  subpena  I  have  already 
told  you  that  I  am  declining  to  answer  on  the  grounds  of  human 
rights,  the  ninth  amendment  which  embraces  it,  the  first  amendment, 
and  the  fifth  amendment  which  is  designed  particularly  against  giving 
testimony  under  conditions  of  harassment. 

The  Chairman.  All  riglit.     Go  ahead,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  do  not  rely  upon  the  fifth  amendment,  then, 
on  the  grounds  that  to  answer  the  question  might  tend  to  incriminate 
you? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  rely  on  the  fifth  amendment  on  the  ground  that  I 
have  no  faith,  no  trust  that  this  committee  in  asking  that  question  is 
not  seeking  information  and  that  my  answer  may  not  give  the  infor- 
mation which  may  lead  to  harassment  of  all  kinds  including  legal 
sanctions. 

This  committee  and  members  of  it  have  from  time  to  time  boasted 
of  the  sanctions  that  they  have  imposed  upon  witnesses  here. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Then  you  do  rely  on  it.  Then  you  do  rely  upon 
the  self -incriminatory  clause? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  answered  the  question. 

The  Chairman.  Yes,  he  did.  He  invoked  the  fifth  amendment. 
Proceed,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr,  TAi-ENNER.  The  subpena  duces  tecum  requires  the  production 
of  canceled  checks  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  from  January  1, 
1958. 

Produce  them,  please. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  The  canceled  checks  are  in  the  bank  statement  of  The 
Amalgamated  Bank  of  New  York  at  the  time  when  they  were  re- 
turned with  the  statement. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Those  are  the  same  documents  you  lianded  me  a 
moment  ago  or  tendered  a  moment  ago? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  offered  them. 

The  Chairman.  Are  the  canceled  checks  there  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  They  are  in  each  monthly  statement. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Beginning  at  what  date  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  The  first  of  these  statements  begins  Xovember  14, 
1958.  The  last  of  these  statements  ends  April  1,  1961,  which  pre- 
sumably covers  the  statement  for  the  whole  month  of  April. 

The  Chairman.  How  many  checks  were  issued  in  May  ? 

Mr,  Kaplan.  I  am  offering  this  to  the  committee  for  its  perusal 
and  I  would  rather  not  say  how  many  checks  are  in  there. 

Mr.  Needleman,  They  are  in  here. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0  43 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  have  not  produced  the  canceled  checks  at  the 
East  River  Savings  Bank, 

Mr.  Kaplan.  At  the  East  River  Savings  Bank  there  are  no  can- 
celed checks.  I  have  never  heard  of  a  savings  bank  with  canceled 
checks. 

Mr.  Willis.  Mr.  Chairman,  in  order  to  satisfy  my  mind  as  to  tlie 
compliance  with  the  subpena,  I  ask  the  witness,  are  you  now  sayings 
and  there  is  a  vast  distinction — that  the  checks  you  are  producing 
embrace  all  of  the  checks  that  were  issued  from  November  14,  1958, 
to  April  1,  1961,  or  are  they  those  that  you  happened  to  have  in  your 
possession  at  the  time  of  the  issuance  of  the  subpena  % 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Kaplan,  Each  statement  contains  the  checks  that  were  issued 
or  that  were  received  by  the  bank  during  that  month  and  they  are 
all  in  there, 

Mr,  Needleman,  Did  you  understand  that,  Congressman  ? 

Mr,  Willis.  He  is  not  answering  the  question. 

Mr.  Needleman,  I  think  it  does. 

In  other  words,  each  monthly  statement  has  a  certain  number  of 
checks  that  show^  they  were  received  by  the  bank.  Those  checks  are 
in  there. 

Mr.  Tavenner,  The  third  requirement  is  that  you  produce  the  bank 
statements  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  from  January  1,  1958, 

Mr,  Kaplan.  The  bank  statements. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes. 

Mr.  Kaplan,  The  checks  are  in  the  bank  statements, 

Mr,  Tavenner,  Now,  you  said  there  was  a  savings  account  at  the 
East  River  Savings  Bank,     Do  you  have  the  savings  account  book? 

Mr,  Kaplan,  I  have  the  savings  account  book  here.  It  is  Book 
No,  443,748,  East  River  Savings  Bank, 

Mr,  Tavenner,  Does  it  show  the  deposits  and  withdrawals  ? 

Mr,  Kaplan,  "In  account  with  Tlie  Fund  for  Social  Analysis," 
and  it  shows  a  column  for  deposits,  a  column  for  interest,  a  column  for 
withdrawals,  and  a  column  for  balance. 

The  Chairman.  Before  making  the  deposit  in  that  savings  account, 
what  record  did  you  keep  for  your  own  information  of  the  source 
of  the  funds  thus  deposited  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Insofar  as  this  question  relates  to  the  period  subse- 
quent to  the  issuance  of  the  subpena,  the  receipt  of  tlie  first  subpena 
by  me,  there  were  no  such  transactions,  no  receipts  or  disbursements  of 
any  kind  that  I  made. 

With  respect  to  the  period  prior  to  the  issuance  of  the  subpena,  I 
decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  that  I  have  already  given, 

Mr,  Willis,  Let  me  ask  this  question. 

The  Chairman.  I  direct  you  to  answer  that  question,  Mr.  Witness. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  of  the  declaration 
of  human  rights. 

The  Chairman.  The  same  grounds  ? 

Mr,  Kaplan,  Tlie  ninth,  first,  and  fifth  amendments.  Is  "the  same 
grounds"  all  right  from  now  on  ? 

The  Chairman.  Yes. 

72930—161 4 


44  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

Mr.  Kai'i.ax.  Allriglit. 

Mr.  Willis.  Were  tliere  transactions  in  cash  or  otherwise  regarding 
(he  receipt  of  funds  that  were  not  deposited  and  would  not  be  revealed 
Ity  tlie  bank  statements  and  checks  you  have  exhibited? 

Ml-.  Kaplan.  I  do  not  understand  that  question. 

( The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Air.  Kaplan.  I  have  already  testitied  that  I  was  involved  in  no 
transactions  with  funds  subsequent,  to  the  receipt  of  the  subpena. 

With  respect  to  the  prior  period,  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds 
I  have  already  given. 

Mr.  Willis.  It  is  argumentative  but  anyone  would  conclude  that 
(he  statements  you  are  now  submitting  are  completely  unrevealin^  of 
receipts  and  disbursements,  and  we  are  now  talking  about  legislation, 
Mr.  Chairman,  having  to  do  with  income  tax. 

The  Chairman.  All  right.     Go  ahead,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  fourth  item  in  the  subpena  called  for  copies 
of  all  Federal  tax  returns  filed  by  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  from 
January  1,  1958,  to  date. 

Will  you  produce  them  at  this  time,  please? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  no  copies  of  any  tax  returns  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis.  I  had  no  such  copy  at  the  time  that  the  subpena  was 
issued  to  me  or  that  I  received  the  subpena,  and  so  I  have  nothing  to 
deliver  to  you  on  that. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  were  the  copies  of  the  returns  when  the  sub- 
pena was  served  on  you  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Well,  we  are  getting  back  to  the  form  of  the  ques- 
tion, that  it  is  one  of  these  double  or  triple  questions  that  we  hassled 
over  before  for  a  long  time  and,  in  order  to  save  time,  I  will  simply 
come  to  the  conclusion  I  suppose  we  will  come  to  after  a  lot  of  fum- 
bling around  with  this  and  just  decline  to  answer  with  respect  to  any 
period  prior  to  the  issuance  of  the  subpena. 

I  have  already  answered  that  subsequent  to  the  issuance  I  have  had 
no  such  documents. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  hand  over  to  the  investigator,  please,  the 
documents  which  you  put  on  the  table  there  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  We  are  going  to  get  them  back  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Oh,  yes.  Mr.  Chairman,  we  would  like  a  little  time 
to  look  at  these  documents  and  I  may  want  to  ask  him  some  further 
(Questions. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  These  statements 

Mr.  Needleman.  These  bank  statements  you  can  take  your  time 
with. 

The  East  River  Bank  book,  Mr.  Chairman,  I  will  show  to  you  but, 
if  you  need  any  further  information  out  of  it  outside  of  perusal,  we 
will  give  you  a  photostatic  copy  of  it. 

]Mr.  Kaplan.  Mr.  Tavenner,  this  you  haven't  covered  so  I  would 
like  to  describe  what  it  is. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Very  well. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  This  is  tlie  checking  book  with  the  entries  as  to  checks 
drawn  and  the  deposit  slips,  receipts  when  there  were  deposits  made  in 
The  Amalgamated  Bank. 

(The  document  was  handed  to  Mr.  Tavenner.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  have  deposit  slips  for  the  deposits  made  at 
the  East  River  Savings  Bank  ? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  45 

Mr.  Kaplaist.  The  East  lliver  Savings  Bank  book  has  a  deposit  re- 
ceipt stamped  in  it. 

Mr.  Tav'enner.  You  have  no  separate  deposit  receipts — slips? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  1  think  that  is  nsnal  in  a  savings  account. 

The  Chairman.  Now,  referring  to  tliis  East  River  Savings  Bank 
book,  there  are  a  number  of  withdrawals  in  large  sums.  To  whom 
were  these  amounts  paid?  January  4,  1960,  $2,500.  To  whom  did 
that  go  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Mr.  Chairman,  as  you  expect,  I  decline  to  answer  that 
question  on  the  grounds  I  have  already  given.  If  yon  wanted  some 
understanding,  it  seems  to  me  that  the  public  record  of  the  Fund 
would  give  it  to  you  with  respect  to  that. 

The  Chairman.  No,  that  is  the  point.  It  does  not.  The  oidy 
record  that  would  disclose  where  this  money  came  from 

Mr.  Kaplan.  If  you  would  permit  me. 

The  Chairman,  —and  who  got  it  would  be  your  own  records. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  You  have  the  records. 

Mr.  Needleman.  May  I  point  out,  Mr.  Chairman,  that  you  have  a 
record  from  the  previous  witness  that  was  introduced  in  the  record 
that  I  turned  over  to  Mr.  Tavenner  which  listed  the  names  of  recij^i- 
ents  if  I  am  not  mistaken,  and  I  would  assume  that  that  is  where 
the  money  went. 

The  Chairman.  From  this  account  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  And  also  you  just  got  the  canceled  checks,  didn't  you  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  have  some  of  the  canceled  checks. 

Mr.  I^PLAN.  You  have  all  the  canceled  checks  that  I  have,  not 
some  of  them. 

Mr.  Doyle.  May  I  ask  one  question  ? 

This  bank  book  of  the  East  River  Savings  Bank  which  you  pro- 
duced under  subpena  shows  as  of  January  11,  1961,  a  balance  of 
$4,783.34.  Are  there  any  outstanding  checks  against  this  account 
which  have  not  yet  come  back  to  you  ? 

Mr.  KLiPLAN.  May  I  consult  with  counsel? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Mr.  Doyle,  I  would  like  to  point  out  that  I  just  gave 
Mr.  Tavenner  an  additional  record  that  I  brought  with  me  whicli  he 
had  not  reviewed  with  me  and  that  includes  the  Amalgamated  clieck- 
ing  account  bank  book  from  which  all  the  checks  were  issued. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  see. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  So  that  your  record  will  show  when  tlio  che''ks  re- 
turned were  issued,  are  all  in. 

Mr.  Doyle.  That  shows  checks  on  both  accounts? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  No,  there  are  no  checks  on  the  savings  account  except 
if  you  withdraw  money  you  can  take  it  by  check  or  cash;  but  you 
don't  draw  on  a  savings  account  by  check. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Have  you  made  all  of  the  deposits  that  a])!)ear  in  this 
East  River  Savings  Bank  yourself  ?  I  mean,  have  you  attended  to  the 
detail? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds  I 
have  already  given. 

Mr.  Willis.  May  I  have  two  questions,  Mr.  (^hairman.  in  the  hrs( 
month  of  your  operation,  according  to  the  transactions  revealed  in 
1958  by  the  savings  book,  it  appears  that  from  January  24  you  made  a 


46  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT    OF    1950 

deposit,  a  savings  deposit  of  $300,  on  the  same  date  you  made  another 
one  of  $1,000,  and  6  days  later,  on  January  30,  you  made  another  one 
of  $100,  which  is  $1,400  for  that  month. 

Did  you  produce  or  do  you  have,  or  did  the  Fund  have,  records  to 
show  where  this  money  came  from,  the  individuals,  contributors,  the 
donors,  any  other  way  you  want  to  describe  them  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  may  have  missed  the  question. 

]\Ir.  Willis.  We  are  talking  about  records. 

Mr.  Kaplax.  It  is  the  records  of  deposits  you  are  talking  about? 

Mr.  Willis.  Yes,  and  I  am  asking  you  did  you  produce  today  or 
do  you  have,  or  did  the  Fund  ever  liave,  books  and  records  that  would 
reveal  where  this  $1,400  came  from — donations,  contributions  or  any 
other  way  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  had  no  record  indicating  where  any  of  those  funds 
came  from  on  the  date  that  the  first  subpena  was  given  to  me. 

Mr.  Willis.  You  say  "I."    My  question  was  broader  than  that, 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Well,  I  am  answering  as  to  what  I  Iniow. 

Mr.  Willis.  All  right. 

^Ir.  Kaplan.  I  had  no  record  at  that  date.  As  to  a  prior  date,  as 
you  know,  already,  I  have  refused  to  answer  that  question  because 
it  was  given  to  me  in  general  form  on  the  grounds 

Mr.  Willis.  In  other  words,  let  us  be  accurate.  What  you  are 
saying  is  that  when  the  subpena  was  served  on  you,  you  did  not  have 
possession  of  the  books  that  would  show  where  this  money  came  from 
in  January  1958. 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  correct. 

]\Ir.  Kaplan.  That  is  correct.  I  did  not  have  any  records  to  show 
that  at  that  time.    That's  right. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Who  had  those  records  at  that  time  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  That  is  another  one  of  those  double  questions,  assum- 
ing that  somebody  had  the  records. 

Mr,  Scherer.  That  is  just  one  question.    "WHio  had  the  records? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  no  knowledge  of  whether  anyone  had  such 
records  or  who  had  the  records  at  that  time. 

The  Chairman.  All  right.     Go  ahead. 

Mr.  Doyle.  May  I  ask  one  question?  Did  the  Fimd,  during  the 
time  you  have  been  identified  with  it  in  any  capacity,  ever  keep  such 
records  as  we  have  been  questioning  about  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Mr.  Doyle,  I  haven't  testified  that  I  have  been  con- 
nected with  the  Fund  in  any  capacity, 

Mr.  Doyle.  Well,  I  will  not  argue  with  you. 

The  Chairman.  No.    Proceed,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr.  Ta\t:nner.  I  think,  in  light  of  one  answer  the  witness  gave,  I 
should  ask  him  this  question.  Did  you  at  any  time  turn  over  to  any 
person  any  record  showing  the  source  of  the  receipts  of  money  by  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Kaplan.  With  respect  to  the  period  subsequent  to  the  first  sub- 
pena served  on  me,  from  that  date  on,  the  answer  is  no,  I  did  not. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  All  right.    Now,  from  that  date  back 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  47 

Mr,  Kaplan.  From  that  date  back  I  decline  to  answer  on  the 
grounds  I  have  ah-eady  given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  ask  for  direction. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  IvAPLAN.  I  decline  on  the  grounds  I  have  already  given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  When  was  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  organized? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  I  have  already 
given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  participate  in  its  organization  ? 

Mr.  IvAPLAN.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  I  have  already 
given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Are  you  acquainted  with  Harry  Magdoff,  the  presi- 
dent of  the  organization  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  that  I  have  already 
given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  know  whether  Harry  Magdoff  is  now  or  at 
any  time  has  been  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  believe  that  question  is  introduced  simply  for  the 
purpose  of  creating  a  smear  instead  of  letting  me  put  into  the  record 
the  statement  that  has  been  made  public  as  to  what  the  Fund  is,  and  I 
decline  to  answ^er  the  question  on  the  grounds  I  have  already  given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Are  you  now  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  That  is  another  one  of  those  questions.  I  decline  to 
answer. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Have  you  at  any  time  been  a  member  of  the  Com- 
munist Party  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer  any  such  question. 

Mr.  Needleman.  On  the  grounds  previously  stated. 

Mr.  Willis.  Is  counsel  correct  ?  Do  you  decline  to  answer  the  ques- 
tion on  the  grounds  previously  stated? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Am  I  instructed  to  answer  that  question,  Mr.  Chair- 
man? 

The  Chairman.  He  has  answered  it. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  would  like  to  have  a  few  minutes 
during  the  noon  recess  to  examine  the  documents  that  are  presented. 

I  think  this  w^ould  be  a  good  time  to  adjourn  and  call  the  witness 
back  after  lunch. 

The  Chairman.  Yes.  The  House  is  not  in  session  and  I  suggest 
that  we  make  every  effort  to  be  here  at  1 :  30. 

The  committee  is  in  recess  until  1 :  30. 

(Whereupon,  at  12:05  p.m..  May  31,  1961,  the  subcommittee  re- 
cessed, to  reconvene  at  1 :  30  p.m.,  this  same  day.) 

AFTERNOON  SESSION,  WEDNESDAY,  MAY  31,  1961 

(The  subcommittee  reconvened  at  1:30  p.m.,  Hon.  Francis  E. 
Walter,  chairman  of  the  committee,  presiding.) 

The  Chairman.  The  committee  will  be  in  order. 

The  Chair  appoints  a  subconnnittee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Doyle. 
Scherer,  and  myself,  to  proceed  with  this  afternoon's  hearing. 

There  is  a  quorum  of  the  subcommittee  present. 

Mr.  Tavenner,  will  you  proceed. 


48  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

TESTIMONY  OF  IRVING  KAPLAN— Resumed 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Kaplan,  I  have  before  me  Rubinstein  Exhibit 
Xo.  7,  which  is  the  document  she  presented,  showin<T:  the  names  of 
persons  who  liave  been  ijranted  awards.  Will  you  examine  it,  please, 
and  state  whether  there  are  any  other  persons  who  were  made  grants 
or  aAvards  besides  those  mentioned  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  I  have  already 
given  in  this  morning's  session.  Do  you  want  me  to  repeat  those 
grounds  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  No. 

We  have  checked  your  bank  records  during  the  noon  hour,  and  we 
iind  ciiecks  in  your  files  showing  payment  of  grants  to  all  of  those 
ujentioned  in  the  exhibit  with  the  excej^tion  of  one,  and  that  was  Prof. 
Paul  A.  Baran.  Will  you  tell  the  connnittee  why  there  is  no  check 
here  evidencing  the  payment  of  the  grant  to  Mr.  Baran  ;• 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  take  it  you  mean  the  Fund  bank  records  were 
checked.     You  said  my  records. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes.  The  recoi-ds  which  you  presented  here  this 
morning.  If  you  desire  to  look  at  your  bank  book,  I  would  be  very 
glad  to  give  it  to  you. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  May  I  have  the  question  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  will  restate  it. 

The  question  is:  What  became  of  the  check — or  was  there  a  check — 
evidencing  a  grant  to  Dr.  Baran  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  had  no  check  at  the  time  that  the  subpena  came: 
nor  have  I  received  one  since. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  How  was  Dr.  Baran  paid  I 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  already  stated. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  amount  was  paid  to  Dr.  Baran  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  You  are  referring  to  Paul  X.  Baran  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes;  I  am  asking  you  how  much  was  paid  to  Dr. 
Baran  'l 

Mr.  Kaplan.  1  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  already  stated. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  For  what  purpose  was  money  paid  to  Dr.  Baran? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Same  answer. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  committee  procured  by  a  subpena  duces  tecmii 
copies  of  checks  issued  by  the  East  River  Savings  Bank  against  the 
savings  account  which  was  in  the  name  of  The  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis.  I  hand  you  a  check  bearing  date  November  14,  1958,  for 
$800,  which  bears  the  endorsement,  "The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis, 
Irving  Kaplan,  Treas." 

Will  you  examine  it,  please?  Is  that  your  signature,  as  an  endorse- 
ment on  the  check? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer  for  the  reasons  given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  For  what  purpose  w^as  that  check  of  $800  delivered  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  desire  to  offer  the  check  in  evidence  and  ask  that 
it  be  marked  "Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  2." 

(Document  marked  "Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  2"  and  retained  in  com- 
mittee files.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  hand  you  now  a  check  bearing  the  endorsement, 
"The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  John  Kaplan,  Tr.— Ii-ving  Kaplan, 
Tr."  instead  of  John  Kaplan. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  49 

Mr.  Needleman.  No;  I  do  not  think  that  is  right.  That  is  a  bank 
check,  and  the  treasurer  is  the  treasurer  of  the  bank,  Mr.  Tavenner. 
He  talked  about  Mr.  Kaplan,  treasurer,  here,  on  the  face  of  the  check. 

Mr.  Ta\t3nner.  I  do  not  recall  exactly  what  I  said;  so  please  strike 
the  question,  and  I  will  reframe  it. 

I  hand  you  a  check  bearing  date  of  May  8,  1959,  payable  to  TJie 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  in  the  amount  of  $1,400,  endorsed  on  the 
back,  "The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  Irving  Kaplan,  Tr," 

Will  you  examine  it,  please,  and  state  whether  that  is  your 
endorsement  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  refuse  to  answer  on  the  grounds  previously  stated. 

Mr.  Tavenner,  For  what  purpose  was  that  check  of  $1,400  used? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  refuse  to  answer  on  the  grounds  already  given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  ask  that  it  be  offered  in  evidence  and  that  it  be 
marked  "Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  3." 

(Document  marked  "Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  3"  and  retained  in  com- 
mittee files.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  hand  you  a  check  bearing  date  January  4,  1960, 
in  the  amount  of  $2,500,  payable  to  the  order  of  The  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis.  The  endoi-sement,  "The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  Irving 
Kaplan,  Tr." 

Will  you  examine  that,  please,  and  state  whether  or  not  that  is  your 
endorsement  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  refuse  to  ansAver  on  the  grounds  I  have  already 
given. 

Mr.  Ta\t5nner.  For  wliat  purpose  was  that  money  used? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  refuse  to  answer  on  the  grounds  given. 

Mr.  Ta\tcnner.  I  desire  to  oft'er  the  document  ni  evidence,  and  ask 
that  it  be  marked  "Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  4." 

The  Chairman.  .Mark  it  and  make  it  a  part  of  the  committee 
records. 

(Document  marked  "Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  4"  and  retained  in  com- 
mittee files.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  hand  you  now  a  check  bearing  date  July  14,  1059, 
payable  to  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  in  the  amount  of  $1,000, 
stamped  on  the  back  of  wliich  is  the  following:  "(^reditod  to  the  re- 
count of  the  within-named  payee.""  The  ])ayee  of  the  check  is  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis. 

Will  you  examine  it,  please,  and  state  where  that  check  was  de- 
posited ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  refuse  to  answer  on  the  grounds  I  have  already 
stated. 

Mr.  TA\T.NNrR.  I  desire  to  ofl'er  the  document  in  evidence,  and  ask 
that  it  be  marked  "Kaolan  Exhibit  No.  5." 

(Document  marked  "Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  6"  and  retained  in  com- 
mittee files.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Kaplan,  was  any  part  of  the  funds  deposited  in 
either  of  the  two  bank  accounts  of  Tlie  Fund  foi-  Social  Analysis  de- 
rived from  the  Communist  Party? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  May  I  consult  with  counsel  ? 
(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 


50  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1960 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  feel  that  this  question  is  being  put  into  the  record 
for  innuendo  purposes,  and  I  refuse  to  answer  it  on  the  grounds  I 
have  stated, 

Mr,  Tavenner.  Then  what  was  the  source  of  these  funds  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  refuse  to  answer  on  the  grounds  I  have  stated. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  were  a  member  of  the  Awards  Committee,  were 
you  not  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
stated. 

Mr.  Ta\^nner.  What  criteria  were  used  by  the  Awards  Committee 
if  you  know,  for  the  selection  of  persons  to  be  given  grants? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  has  publicly  issued  a 
number  of  documents  that  state  its  purposes. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Now,  just  a  moment.  I  asked  you  for  your  personal 
knowledge. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  read  those  documents.  I  have  one  of  them  here 
and  would  like  to  put  it  into  the  record. 

This  is  a  document  headed,  "Statement  of  Policy,  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis." 

Mr.  Dotle.  May  I  inquire,  Mr.  Chairman :  Wliose  name  is  on  that 
statement? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is  the  name  on  the 
statement. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Why  is  there  no  other  name  or  address  given  on 
tliis  ?    Is  there  any  special  reason  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  No.  I  have  seen  the  statement  published  on  a  number 
of  occasions.  It  has  never  occurred  to  me  that  an  organization  that 
publishes  its  statement  must  put  an  address  on  that  particular  publica- 
tion. I  am  sure  that  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  has  issued  other 
statements  with  addresses. 

And  I  would  like  to  submit  for  the  record  another  one  publicly  is- 
sued, called  "Announcement,"  which  has  the  address  on  it. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  state  what  the  address  is,  please? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  The  address  is :  "The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  165 
Broadway,  New  York." 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Is  that  the  office  of  the  association  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  That  is  what  it  is  stated  here  is  the  office  of  the  associa- 
tion.  I  have  given  you  the  document. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Is  it  the  office  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds  I  have 
already  stated. 

The  Chairman.  I  direct  you  to  answer  that  question. 

Mr,  Kaplan.  I  have  given  you  here  a  document  that  I  have  posses- 
sion of,  that  has  been  publicly  issued.  As  to  the  question  as  to  what  is 
the  address  of  the  Fund,  as  distinguished  from  what  it  says  in  that 
document,  I  refuse  to  answer  on  tlie  grounds  I  have  already  stated. 

Mr.  Doyle.  May  I  ask,  Mr.  Chairman:  Is  that  a  public  statement 
made  by  the  Fund  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  This  is  a  public  statement  headed  "The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis." 

Mr.  Do-ii.E.  Well,  is  it  a  public  statement  by  the  Fund  of  which  your 
check  shows  you  are  treasurer  ? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  51 

Mr.  Kaplan.  That  is  the  same  question  asking  me  about  my  associa- 
tion with  the  Fund,  and  you  know  I  have  refused  to  answer  that  ques- 
tion. 

Mr.  Doyle.  You  are  offering  this  as  identification  of  a  public  state- 
ment by  somebody  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan,  I  am  offering  this  as  a  statement  purporting  to  be 
issued  by  the  Fund  as  a  basis  for  a  response  to  the  question  asked  of 
me  as  to  whether  I  know  what  are  the  standards  used  by  the  Awards 
Committee  of  the  Fund  for  giving  grants. 

Mr.  Doyle.  All  right. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  think  in  these  statements  you  will  find  those  stand- 
ards.   So  far  as  I  know,  this  is  what  the  standards  are. 

It  says : 

In  making  its  awards  the  Fund  will  be  guided  solely  by  its  estimate  of  the 
intellectual  qualifications  of  the  applicants  and  the  significance  of  the  prob- 
lems they  propose  to  study.  Its  object  is  to  promote  research  in  an  area  of  in- 
quiry, not  to  popularize  a  set  of  uncriticized  beliefs. 

Then  it  goes  on  with  further  elaboration  of  that. 

The  announcement,  which  seems  to  me  to  be  obviously  in  a  form  suit- 
able for  posting  on  university  bulletin  boards,  summarizes  that,  and 
it  says : 

The  grants  are  awarded  by  a  committee  elected  by  the  members  of  the  Fund. 
In  making  its  awards,  the  committee  is  guided  solely  by  its  evaluation  of  the 
scientific  importance  oi!  the  projects  proposed  and  by  its  estimate  of  the  qualifica- 
tions of  applicants  to  carry  out  the  proposed  studies. 

Since  1958,  the  Fund's  first  year  of  operation,  6  grants  totalling  $9,000  were 
made  in  the  fields  of  economics  and  history. 

That  is  the  public  statement  as  to  these. 

Ml'.  Doyle.  What  public  record  did  you  make  of  the  $9,000  that 
was  received  and  distributed  by  the  Fund?  You  have  just  given  that 
as  authority  for  the  fact  that  some  $9,000  was  given  in  grants.  Now, 
what  record  have  you  ever  had  of  those  grants  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  was  giving  this  as  a  public  statement  of  the  Fund. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Well,  you  were  treasurer.  What  book  record  did  you 
ever  make  for  income  tax  purposes  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  never  testified  here  that  I  was  treasurer. 

Mr.  Doyle.  No;  but  your  record  shows  you  were.  You  have  signed 
all  the  bank  checks  as  treasurer,  I  saw  them  this  noon.  They  are 
right  here  on  the  counsel's  table. 

What  record  did  you  ever  make  for  income  tax  purposes  or  any 
other  record  of  this  $9,000  that  you  paid  out,  as  treasurer?    Any? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer  that  on  the  grounds  I  have 
already  stated. 

Mr.  Doyle,  Sure.  You  are  very  proud  of  a  statement  but  refuse 
to  accept  any  responsibility  for  it. 

The  Chairman.  All  right.    Let  us  go  on, 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  offered  to  make  a  statement  earlier  that  the  chair- 
man would  not  let  me  make,  elaborating  on  my  reasons  for  not  answer- 
ing these  questions,    I  want  the  record  to  show  that, 

Mr,  Tavenner,  In  the  statement  you  read  a  moment  ago,  you  said 
that  the  Awards  Committee  would  pass  upon  the  qualifications  of 
applicants.  As  a  member  of  the  Awards  Committee,  did  you  pass 
upon  the  qualifications  of  Dr,  Aptheker  before  making  him  a  grant 
of  $1,000? 


52  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  have  not  testified  to  any  avSsociation  wdth  the  Fund. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  qualifications  did  Dr.  Aptheker  have  which 
appealed  to  you,  as  a  member  of  the  Awards  group  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  don't  see  the  relevancy  of  that  question  to  the 
subject. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Let  me  explain  the  relevancy. 

Was  not  Dr.  Aptheker  known  to  you  at  that  time  to  be  a  member- 
at-large  of  the  National  Committee  of  the  Communist  Party  repre- 
senting the  State  of  New  York? 

Mr,  Kaplan.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
already  given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Now,  do  you  have  any  further  statement  that  you 
desire  to  make  regarding  the  purposes  and  the  activities  of  The  Fund 
for  Social  Analysis  2 

If  you  do,  I  want  to  give  you  an  opportimity  to  state  it. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Are  these  documents  going  to  be  put  into  the  record  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes.     I  will  put  those  into  the  record. 

I  offer  m  evidence  a  statement,  "The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis, 
Statement  of  Policy,"  to  be  marked  as  "Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  6,"  and  an 
"Announcement"  by  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  undated,  but  show- 
ing an  address  of  Room  2800,  165  Broadway,  New  York  6,  New  York, 
and  ask  that  it  be  marked  "Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  7." 

(Documents  marked  "Kaplan  Exhibits  Nos.  6  and  7"  follow :) 
Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  6 
The  Fund  fob  Sociai,  Analysis 
statement  of  policy 

The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is  an  informal  organization  of  individuals  inter- 
ested in  aiding  research  on  problems  of  Marxist  theory  and  its  application.  The 
Fund  is  designed  to  bring  together  people  who  want  to  encourage  such  studies 
and  to  provide  financial  assistance  toward  their  production.  It  operates  without 
paid  personnel  or  other  overhead  costs.  Money  is  raised  entirely  through  the 
voluntary  activities  of  the  membership,  and  all  contributions  are  allocated  in 
their  entirety  for  research  grants. 

Socialist  thinking  in  the  United  States  has  traditionally  neglected  analytical 
and  basic  theoretical  work.  The  retarding  effect  of  this  failure  on  the  socialist 
and  labor  movements  in  our  country  is  today  more  apparent  than  ever  before. 
Under  the  recent  pressures  for  social  conformity,  research  on  problems  opened 
up  by  Marxist  theory  has  dwindled  to  a  particularly  low  level.  It  is  the  purpose 
of  the  Fund  to  do  what  it  can  to  correct  this  situation  by  providing  grants-in-aid 
for  research  and  publication  to  social  scientists  analyzing  or  applying  Marxist 
hypotheses. 

In  making  its  awards  the  Fund  will  be  guided  solely  by  its  estimate  of  the 
intellectual  qualifications  of  the  applicants  and  the  significance  of  the  problems 
they  propose  to  study.  Its  object  is  to  promote  research  in  an  area  of  inquiry, 
not  to  popularize  a  set  of  uncriticized  beliefs.  Every  scientist  must  be  to  some 
extent  a  critic  of  the  theories  he  examines  or  applies.  He  alone  is  the  proper 
person  to  decide  how  far  the  criticism  shall  go. 

Projects  for  books  or  essays  in  all  fields  of  social  science  will  be  welcomed. 
Topics  bearing  upon  current  problems  will  be  given  preference  over  those  of 
purely  historical  interest.  Topics  bearing  upon  the  United  States  will  be  given 
preference  over  those  solely  concerned  with  other  countries. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  53 

Kaplan  Exhibit  No.  7 
The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 

Room  280() 

165  Broadway 

New  York  6,  N.Y. 

announcement 

The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is  again  offering  a  limited  number  of  grants-in- 
aid  for  studies  of  problems  posed  by  Marxist  theory  and  its  application.  Proj- 
ects for  books  and  essays  in  all  fields  of  social  science,  including  social  philosophy 
and  the  sociology  of  science,  are  welcomed.  Preference  is  given  to  studies  of 
current  relevance  over  those  of  purely  historical  interest,  to  studies  related 
to  the  United  States  over  those  mainly  concerned  with  foreign  countries,  and  to 
studies  already  underway  over  projects  merely  in  outline. 

Grants  ordinarily  range  from  $500  to  $3,000,  but  applications  for  larger  or 
smaller  amounts  are  considered.  Grants  may  be  requested  for  an  entire  project, 
or  for  any  part,  or  for  assistance  in  research,  editing  or  publication. 

The  P^und  for  Social  Analysis  is  an  informal  organization  of  individuals  in- 
terested in  aiding  Marxist  research.  It  operates  without  paid  personnel  or  other 
overhead  costs.     All  money  raised  by  the  sponsors  is  distributed  in  grants. 

The  grants  are  awarded  by  a  committee  elected  by  the  members  of  the  Fund. 
In  making  its  awards,  the  committee  is  guided  solely  by  its  evaluation  of  the 
scientific  importance  of  the  projects  proposed  and  by  its  estimate  of  the  quali- 
fications of  applicants  to  carry  out  the  proposed  studies. 

Since  1958,  the  Fund's  first  year  of  operation,  6  grants  totalling  $0,000  were 
made  in  the  fields  of  economics  and  history. 

Letters  of  inquiry  and  requests  for  information  should  be  addressed  to  the 
Corresponding  Secretary,  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  Room  2800,  165  Broad- 
way, New  York  6,  N.Y. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Aiid  that  reminds  me.  I  would  like  to  ask  you 
another  question  about  that. 

At  this  address  of  Room  2800,  165  Broadway,  is  there  any  sipi  or 
anything  else  exhibited  there  to  indicate  that  it  is  the  office  of  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  165  Broadway,  New  York,  is  the  address  given  by 
your  counsel  when  he  identified  himself  for  the  record,  here.  Is  it 
his  office  in  which  the  office  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is  main- 
tained ? 

Mr.  KjlPlan.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  for  the  reasons 
given. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  If  you  have  anything  further  to  state,  you  may 
state  it. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  If  you  have  put  these  documents  in  the  record,  I 
think  they  speak  for  themselves. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  stated  that  you  would  need  to  have  returned 
to  you  immediately  the  East  River  Savings  Bank  book,  which  I  am 
glad  to  do.     I  hand  it  to  you  now. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Mr.  Tavenner,  will  the  record  show  that  the  other 
documents  will  be  returned  to  counsel  ? 


54  SUBVERSIVE   ACTIVITIES   CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950 

Mr.  Tavenner.  It  already  sliows  it.  I  told  you  they  would  be; 
very  promptly. 

The  Chairman.  Are  there  any  questions  ? 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  have  one  question : 

May  I  have  one  of  the  p;entleman's  checks  ?  What  is  the  address, 
if  you  know,  of  103  or  163  Broadway,  New  York?  Is  that  your 
office,  or  any  office  you  are  familiar  with  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  103  ? 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  think  it  was  163  that  appeared  on  one  of  your  checks. 

Mr.  Needleman.  You  mean  165. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  may  have  mistaken  a  5  for  a  3,  but  I  am  quite  sure 
I  saw  it. 

Mr.  Kaplan.  That  is  a  repetition  of  the  last  question  Mr.  Tavenner 
asked,  I  think. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Do  I  understand  that  you  are  claiming  your  privilege 
as  to  whether  or  not  you  are  the  signer  of  these  several  checks  that 
you  have  produced  to  the  committee  as  treasurer  of  the  Fmid? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  Correct. 

Mr.  Doyle.  You  are  not  admitting  that  that  is  your  signature? 

INIr.  Kaplan.  Correct. 

Mr.  Doyle.  But  you  did  have  these  records.  You  have  had  these 
records  in  your  possession  ever  since  you  were  subpenaed  the  first 
time? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  had  these  records  in  my  possession  when  I  was  sub- 
penaed the  first  time. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Has  there  been  any  other  treasurer  of  this  Fund  than 
you  since  its  inception  ? 

Mr.  Kaplan.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  given. 

The  Chairman.  The  witness  is  excused. 

(At  this  point  the  witness  was  excused.) 

Tlie  Chairman.  Will  you  call  your  next  witness  ? 

INIr.  Tavenner.  Yes,  sir.  Mr.  Magdoff,  will  you  come  forward, 
please? 

The  Chairman.  Do  you  solemnly  swear  that  you  will  tell  the  truth, 
the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  so  help  you  God  ? 

Mr.  i\lAGDorr.  I  do. 

^Yliat  is  the  point  to  this?  I  asked  that  there  be  no  pictures  taken. 
Isn't  there  a  matter  of  courtesy  here  ? 

TESTIMONY  OF  HAERY  SAMUEL  MAGDOFF,  ACCOMPANIED  BY 
COUNSEL,  NOHMAN  REDLICH 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Magdoff,  will  you  state  your  name,  and  place 
of  residence,  and  occupation? 

Mr.  IMagdoff.  My  name  is  Harry  Magdoff.  I  live  at  20  West  84th 
Street,  New  York  City.     I  am  a  financial  consultant. 

j\Ir.  Tavenner.  Will  counsel  accompanying  the  witness  please 
identify  himself  for  the  record  ? 

Mr.  Redlich.  Norman  Redlich,  29  Washington  Square,  New  York, 
New  York. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Magdoff,  I  hand  you  "Rubinstein  Exhibit  No. 
1,"  which  is  a  statement  by  an  Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  secretary  of  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  giving  the  names  of  the  officers  of  the  organ- 
ization.    (See  p.  7.) 


^  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT   OF    1950  55 

I  call  your  attention  to  the  name  of  the  first  officer  and  ask  you  to 
state  who  it  is,  as  shown  from  the  docmnent. 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  read  from  the  document  that  the  first  name  listed 
is  Harry  Magdoff,  president. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  see  a  signature  appearing  after  the  title 
"President"? 

Mr.  Magdoff,  I  see  a  signature. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  is  the  name  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  The  name,  as  I  read  it,  is  Harry  Magdoff. 

Mr.  Ta\'enner.  Is  that  your  signature  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff,  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  groimds  of  the  first  and 
fifth  amendments. 

Mr,  Tavenner.  Mr.  Magdoff,  there  was  served  upon  you  as  presi- 
dent of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  a  subpena  duces  tecum  re- 
quiring the  production  before  the  committee  of  certain  documents.  I 
will  read  the  list  of  the  documents  directed  to  be  produced : 

(1)  All  minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  Awards  Committee  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis  from  January  1,  1958,  to  date; 

(2)  All  minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  Administrative  Committee  of  The  Fund 
for  Social  Analysis  relating  to  grants  and/or  awards  from  January  1,  1958,  to 
date ; 

(3)  Copies  of  all  letters  or  memoranda  from  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 
and/or  any  of  its  officers,  agents,  or  employees,  to  individuals,  corporations,  or 
associations,  relating  to  donations  and/or  loans  made  to  The  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis  from  January  1,  1958,  to  date  ; 

(4)  All  letters  or  memoranda  received  from  individuals,  corporations,  or  asso- 
ciations to  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  and/or  any  of  its  officers,  agents,  or 
employees,  relating  to  donations  and/or  loans  to  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis, 
from  January  1,  1958,  to  date ; 

(5)  All  applications,  letters,  or  memoranda  from  individuals  addressed  to  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis  and/or  any  of  its  officers,  agents,  or  employees  seeking 
grants  or  awards  of  money  from  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  from  January  1, 
1958,  to  date ; 

(6)  Copies  of  all  letters  or  memoranda  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  or  any 
of  its  officers,  agents,  or  employees,  relating  to  grants  or  awards  or  money  by 
The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  from  January  1,  1958,  to  date ; 

(7)  All  books  of  account  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  showing  receipts 
and  disbursements,  from  January  1,  1958,  to  date ; 

(8)  Cancelled  checks  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  from  January  1, 1958,  to 
date ; 

(9)  Bank  statements  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  from  January  1,  1958, 
to  date; 

(10)  Copies  of  all  Federal  tax  returns  filed  by  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 
from  January  1, 1958,  to  date. 

I  desire  to  offer  the  return  of  this  subpena  in  evidence  and  ask  that 
it  be  marked  "Magdoff  Exhibit  No.  1." 

(Document  marked  "Magdoff  Exhibit  No.  1,"  and  retained  in  com- 
mittee files.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  please  present  the  documents  called  for  at 
this  time  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  didn't  bring  any  such  documents  because  I  have  no 
such  documents,  nor  did  I  have  any  such  documents  since  the  subpena 
was  served. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  say  you  had  no  such  documents  after  the 
subpena  was  served.  Did  you  have  any  before  the  subpena  was 
served  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  On  that  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  of  the 
first  and  fifth  amendments. 


56  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT   OF    1950 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  were  these  documents  that  have  been  called 
for  before  you  were  served  with  the  subpena  ? 

Mr,  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  of  the  first  and 
fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavexner.  I  ask  direction,  Mr.  Chairman. 

The  Chairmax.  You  are  requested  to  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  on  the  grounds  of  pertinency,  and  on 
grounds  of  the  privileges  granted  to  me  with  special  reference  to  the 
first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  With  respect  to  the  ground  of  pertinency  which  you 
mentioned,  the  chairman  made  a  very  full  opening  statement  as  to  the 
subject  of  the  hearing  and  the  purpose  of  it.  And  of  course,  in  order 
to  inquire  into  the  character  of  propaganda  work  which  may  be  going 
on,  on  the  part  of  this  organization,  it  is  necessaiy  to  have  the  papers 
and  the  records.     That  is  the  reason  for  asking  for  them. 

Now,  having  explained  the  pertinency,  I  again  ask  you  to  answer  the 
question. 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  give  the  same  answer,  but  I  would  like  to  state,  as 
far  as  jjropaganda  is  concerned,  the  best  evidence  would  be  the  products 
that  are  produced  under  grants  given,  whether  it  is  propaganda  or 
scholarship. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  All  right.  Do  you  have  the  work  product  that 
resulted  from  the  granting  of  an  award  or  the  making  of  a  grant  to 
Dr.  Aptheker? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  have  no  such  product. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  is  it  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  haven't  the  slightest  idea. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Have  you  ever  seen  it  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  No,  I  don't  even  know  whether  it  is  completed. 
When  we  give  grants,  there  isn't  the  requirement  that  the  recipient 
must  produce  the  product  as  of  a  certain  date.  Scholarship  takes  a  lot 
of  time,  frequently,  and  the  better  work  takes  longer  time. 

The  Chairman.  Now,  just  a  minute.  When  you  say  "When  we  give 
grants" 

Mr,  Magdoff.  When  the  Fund  gives  grants. 

The  Chairman.  Well,  by  "we,"  whom  did  you  mean  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  mean  when  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  gives 
grants. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  a  member  of  the  Awards  Committee  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff,  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  ^rounds  of  the  first  and 
fifth 

The  Chairman,  I  direct  you  to  answer  the  questions  because  you 
certainly  opened  the  door  for  that.  You  said,  "When  we  gi^^e 
grants. — "     I  direct  you  to  answer  that  question. 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  of  pertinency 
and  the  rights  and  privileges  granted  under  the  Constitution. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  records  that  were  produced  by  the  treasurer, 
Mr.  Kaplan,  show  that  the  first  payment  of  $500  was  made  to  Herbert 
Aptheker  on  February  4, 1959.  Did  you  know  that  Mr.  Aptheker  was 
at  that  time  a  member  of  the  National  Committee  of  the  Communist 
Party  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds* 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  57 

Mr.  TA^^ENNER.  Were  you  at  that  time  a  member  of  the  Communist 
Party  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Ta\tenner.  One  of  the  members  of  the  Awards  Committee,  as 
shown  by  a  publication  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  was  Frank 
Coe.  Did  you  know  Frank  Coe  to  be  a  member  of  the  Connnunist 
Party? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  know  whether  Frank  Coe  is  noAv  in  (^hina? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  know  in  what  business  he  is  engaged  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  TavI':nner.  Was  Russ  Nixon  a  member  of  the  Awards  Com- 
mittee ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  know  whether  or  not  he  was  a  member  of 
the  Communist  Party? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Who  were  instrumental  in  the  forming  of  this  or- 
ganization ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  participate  in  its  original  foundation? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  There  is  noted  on  Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  1  this 
certification  by  you: 

I,  President  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  do  hereby  certify  that  on  the  14th 
day  of  November,  1958,  Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  who  signed  and  attested  the 
foregoing,  was  and  now  is  the  duly  qualified  and  acting  Secretary  of  said  Asso- 
ciation and  that  she  was  and  is  duly  authorized  by  the  by-laws  to  certify  to  the 
proceedings  of  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  said  Association,  and 
to  affix  the  seal  of  the  said  Association  to  such  certificate.  Harry  Magdoff, 
President. 

Did  you  make  that  certification? 

Mr.  Redlich.  I  would  like  the  record  to  indicate  that  my  client  has 
not  admitted  that  he  is  president  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis. 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  stated  before. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  How  was  Annette  T.  Rubinstein  elected  secretary  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Wasn't  it  by  the  Board  of  Directors  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Who  compose  the  Board  of  Directors  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Why  is  it  that  you  refuse  to  give  any  information 
regarding  the  organization  and  the  activities  of  this  group,  if  there  is 
nothing  wrong  with  it  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds  stated  before. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Is  it  because  this  organization  is  carrying  out  one 
of  the  functions  of  the  Communist  Party  in  this  country  ?  Ts  that  the 
reason  that  you  are  refusing  to  answer? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Sciierer.  Isn't  that  the  reason  you  people  have  so  far  hidden 
the  contributors  to  this  organization  ? 

Mr.  Magdopt.  "Wliat  reason  ? 


58  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950 

Mr.  ScHERER.  The  fact  that  it  is  a  Communist  operation,  and  you 
do  not  want  to  disclose  to  a  congressional  committee  the  source  of  your 
funds  ?     Isn't  that  the  reason  ? 

Mr.  Magdoft.  Is  that  an  inference  from  the  use  of  constitutional 
rights  ? 

JNIr.  ScHERER.  No.     I  am  asking  you. 

Mr.  Magdoff.  My  understanding  of  the  Constitution  is  that  the 
rights  of  individuals  are  protected  against  inquisitions  of  this  type, 
and  it  is  for  that  reason  that  I  am  using  my  groimds,  self-incrimina- 
tion, first  amendment,  all  the  rights  granted  to  individuals. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  I  ask  that  the  chairman  direct  the  witness  to  answer 
the  question. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  of  the  fifth 
amendment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  Stanley  Moore  also  a  member  of  the  Awards 
Committee  ? 

Mr.  ]\Iagdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  know  whether  or  not  Stanley  Moore  was 
a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Doyle.  May  I  ask  this  question  of  the  witness:  Is  it  your 
position  that  Congress  has  no  right  under  the  Constitution  to  inves- 
tigate subversive  activities,  too  ? 

I  am  not  referring  now  to 

Mr.  Magdoff.  My  understanding  of  the  Constitution  is  that  Con- 
gress has  a  very  broad  right  to  investigate  for  purposes  of  providing 
a  basis  for  legislation,  for  better  understanding  of  legislative  mat- 
ters. From  the  history  of  this  committee  and  the  record  of  this 
committee,  I  certainly  don't  think  that  it  has  a  right  under  the  Con- 
stitution to  carry  on  inquiries  into  matters  of  this  sort,  and  especially 
into  matters  of  scholarship. 

Mr.  Doyle.  You  were  present  on  the  front  row,  there,  with  the 
doctor,  the  lady,  who  testified  this  morning.  You  were  seated  there 
all  the  time  that  Chairman  Walter  was  reading  his  preliminary  state- 
ment, were  you  not  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  was. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  am  sure  I  saw  you.  You  heard  the  whole  thing, 
as  to  the  scope  of  this  investigation.  You  heard  every  word  that  was 
read.  And  you  heard  two  items  of  legislation  specifically  referred 
to,  that  Congress  was  looking  into  in  connection  with  it,  to  see  whether 
or  not  some  people  in  the  Fund  were  active  Communists.  That  goes 
to  tlie  pertinency  of  this  question.  We  are  interested  in  seeing  the 
exfent  to  which 

Counsel,  will  you  let  me  ask  the  witness  my  question? 

Is  it  your  position  that  with  two  bills  pending  before  the  Congress 
on  subversive  activities,  we  do  not  have  a  right  to  question  whether 
or  not  the  Fund,  of  which  we  believe  you  were  president,  and  are, 
as  shown  in  that  certificate,  is  in  any  manner  subversive,  under  the 
control  in  part  or  whole  of  the  Conmiunist  Party?  Is  that  your 
position  ? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES   CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  59 

Mr.  Magdoff.  My  position  is  not  with  respect  to  the  rights  of  the 
committee,  but  with  respect  to  the  rights  of  the  individual,  not  to  be 
badgered  by  inquisitions. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Well,  of  course,  we  do  not  disagree  with  you  on  that. 
There  is  no  disagreement  between  us  and  you  on  that  point,  sir. 

But  when  you  claim  that  we  are  badgering  the  witness,  it  is  abso- 
lutely false.  We  are  doing  nothing  of  the  kind,  and  you  know  it. 
That  is  just  a  prepared  speech  that  you  folks  throw  up  for  public 
propaganda. 

Mr.  Redlicii.  My  client  lias  had  no  prepared  speech. 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  have  nothing  in  front  of  me. 

Mr.  Doyle.  He  does  not  need  to  have  it  written  out.  You  know 
that. 

Mr.  IMagdoff.  Five  to  four  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  show 
there  is  plenty  of  room  for  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  rights  and 
limitations  of  congressional  investigations. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  am  glad  you  are  familiar  with  them.     So  are  we. 

The  Chairman.  All  right,  Mr.  Tavenner.    Ask  your  next  question, 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  stated  you  had  no  records  of  income  tax  re- 
turns. Did  you  file  an  income  tax  return  for  any  year?  And  by 
"you,''  I  am  speaking  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  of  which 
you  are  the  president. 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  w^as  the  source  of  the  income  which  was  used 
for  the  payment  of  grants  and  awards  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  gromids. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Tell  us  a  little  bit  about  the  manner  in  which  the 
business  was  carried  on.  When  you  received  applications — and  one 
of  the  documents  presented  here  shows  that  you  received  quite  a  great 
number  of  applications  for  grants— how  were  those  applications  acted 
upon? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  How  could  you  act  on  those  applications  if  you  did 
not  keep  records? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Actually,  you  appeared  before  a  group,  did  you  not, 
after  being  served  with  subpena — it  was  the  New  York  Council  To 
Abolish  The  House  Un-American  Activities  Committee — with  regard 
to  these  matters,  did  you  not  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  had  forestalled  the  seizure  or  the  requirement 
of  the  production  of  documents  by  making  certain  there  were  none 
to  produce,  did  you  not  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Who  did  destroy  the  records  of  this  organization 
which  we  have  been  trying  to  get  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Were  they  in  Mr.  Needleman's  office  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Oh,  yes.    I  wanted  to  ask  you  about  that. 

The  address  of  your  organization  seems  to  be  that  of  the  attorney, 
Mr.  Needleman,  who  appeared  as  counsel  for  the  two  witnesses  who 

72930—61 5 


60  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    19  50 

just  precetled  you.  Wluit  was  Mr.  Needleman's  connection  with  this 
outfit? 

Mr.  Magix)ff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Wliy  would  this  Fund  maintain  an  office  at  the  ad- 
dress of  some  person  Avho  was  not  connected  with  its  organization? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  meet  in  his  office  as  an  officer  of  the  Fund? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Certainly  there  must  be  some  reason  for  a  company 
or  association  engaged  in  what  you  term  as  a  public  enterprise  having 
an  office  at  the  address  of  someone  who  was  not  connected  with  it. 
There  must  be  some  reason  for  that. 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr,  Tavenner.  Do  you  know  how  to  account  for  the  fact  that  there 
is  no  check  among  the  records  evidencing  a  payment  to  Dr.  Baran  of 
his  grant? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answ^er  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  there  any  other  grants  for  which  checks 
Avere  not  given  in  the  usual  way  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  grants  made  to  any  persons  other  than  those 
whose  names  appeared  in  your  published  statement  ? 

Mr.  Redlicii.  Would  you  repeat  the  question  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  any  grants  made  to  persons  other  than  those 
whose  names  appear  in  the  document  referred  to  as  Rubinstein  Ex- 
hibit No.  7? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  Dr.  Aptheker  have  any  business  or  association 
with  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  other  than  the  receiving  of  a 
grant  ? 

Mr.  jVIagdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  he  aid  in  any  manner  in  the  formation  of  this 
organization? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  have  no  further  questions,  Mr.  Chairman. 

Mr.  SciiERER.  What  is  your  occupation,  Mr.  Magdoff  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  am  a  financial  consultant,  for  myself. 

Mr.  ScriERER.  Where  is  your  business  or  office  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  would  be  glad  to  give  it  to  you.  It  is  my  business, 
and  my  income  depends  upon  it.  If  you  want  it,  I  will  be  glad  to 
give  it  to  you. 

Mr.  Sgiierer.  Is  it  in  New  York  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  In  New  York  City. 

Mr.  Sciierer.  What  is  your  residence  address  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  20  West  84th  Street. 

Mr.  Sciierer.  How  long  have  you  known  Mr.  Needleman  ? 

Mr,  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds  as  I  have 
stated  before. 

Mr,  ScHERER.  It  is  a  fact,  is  it  not,  that  he  is  associated  with  this 
Fund,  and  that  the  records  are  in  his  office  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff.  I  decline  to  answer. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Or  under  his  control  ? 

Mr.  Magdoff,  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  61 

The  Chairman.  Is  that  all  ? 
The  witness  is  excused. 
(At  this  point  the  witness  was  excused.) 
The  Chairman.  Call  your  next  witness. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Stanley  Moore,  will  you  come  forward,  please? 
The  Chairman.  Will  you  raise  your  right  hand  ? 
Do  you  swear  that  the  testimony  you  give  will  be  the  truth,  the 
whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  trutli,  so  help  you  God  ? 
Mr.  Moore.  I  do. 

TESTIMONY  OF  STANLEY  WILLIAMS  MOORE,  ACCOMPANIED  BY 
COUNSEL,  LEONARD  B.  BOUDIN 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  are  Mr.  Stanley  Moore  ? 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  am. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  l^Hiere  do  you  reside? 

Mr.  MooRE.  New  York  City. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  "What  is  your  occupation  ? 

Mr.  Moore.  Teacher. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  ? 

Mr.  MooRE.  Barnard  College. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  It  is  noted  that  you  are  accompanied  by  counsel. 
Will  counsel  please  identify  himself  for  tlie  record  ? 

Mr.  BouDiN.  Surely.  Leonard  B.  Boudin,  25  Broad  Street,  New 
York  City. 

Mr.  Tavenner,  I  have  before  me  a  thermofax  copy  of  a  Statement 
of  Awards  Committee,  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis.  I  hand  it  to 
you  and  ask  you  if  you  can  identify  it  as  a  publication  of  that  organi- 
zation. 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  two  grounds,  first 
that  it  invades  my  rights  of  free  speech  and  free  association  under 
the  first  amendment;  and  second,  that  under  the  fifth  amendment  I 
may  not  be  compelled  to  be  a  witness  against  myself. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  desire  to  offer  the  document  in  evidence,  and 
ask  that  it  be  marked  "Moore  Exhibit  No.  1." 

The  Chairman.  Make  it  a  part  of  the  record. 

(Document  marked  "Moore  Exhibit  No.  1,"  follows :) 

Moore  Exhibit  No.  1 

The  Fund  fob  Social  Analysis 
statement  of  awards  committee 

In  1958  the  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is  offering  a  number  of  grants-in-aid 
for  studies  of  problems  posed  by  Marxist  theory  and  its  application.  Projects 
for  boolis  and  essays  in  all  fields  of  social  science,  including  social  philosophy 
and  the  sociology  of  science,  will  be  welcomed.  Studies  of  current  relevance 
will  be  given  preference  over  those  of  purely  historical  interest.  Studies  re- 
lated to  the  United  States  will  be  given  preference  over  those  concerned  mainly 
with  other  countries.  Studies  already  under  way  will  be  given  preference  over 
projects  merely  in  outline. 

Grants  will  ordinarily  range  from  $500.00  to  $3,000.00,  but  applications  for 
larger  or  smaller  amounts  will  be  considered.  Grants  may  be  requested  for 
an  entire  project,  or  for  any  part,  or  for  assistance  in  research,  editing  or 
publication. 


62  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is  an  informal  organization  of  individuals 
interested  in  aiding  Marxist  research.  It  operates  without  paid  personnel  or 
other  overhead  costs.  All  money  raised  by  the  sponsors  will  be  distributed  in 
grants. 

The  grants  will  be  awarded  by  a  committee  elected  by  the  members  of  the 
Fund.  The  current  members  of  the  Awards  Committee  ai'e:  Frank  Coe,  Stanley 
Moore,  Irving  Kaplan,  Russ  Nixon,  J.  Raymond  Walsh,  Harry  Magdoff,  Annette 
Rubinstein. 

In  making  its  awards,  the  committee  will  be  guided  solely  by  its  evaluation 
of  the  scieutitic  importance  of  projects  and  its  estimate  of  the  qualifications  of 
applicants  to  carry  out  the  proposed  studies.  The  committee  will  obtain  the 
advice  and  opinions  of  qualified  experts  in  various  fields  of  inquiry  in  which 
applications  may  be  received.  The  Committee  of  Awards,  however,  has  sole 
responsibility  for  making  grants  and  its  decisions  are  not  subject  to  review. 

Applications  should  include  the  following  information  : 

1.  Name  and  address  of  applicant. 

2.  Outline  of  project. 

3.  Such  parts  of  project  as  may  have  been  drafted. 

4.  Plans  for  publication. 

5.  Amount  of  money  requested  and  proposed  use. 
G.  Previous  publications,  if  any. 

7.  Relevant  biographical  data. 

8.  Such  references  (names  and  addresses  of  persons  familiMr  with  the 
applicant's  work  and  intellectual  qualifications)  as  applicant  may  wish 
to  submit. 

Extra  copies  will  be  appreciated. 

Letters  of  application,  including  the  requested  information,  should  be  ad- 
dressed to : 

The  Corresponding  Secretary 
The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 
Room  2800 
165  Broadway 
New  York,  N.Y. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Moore,  the  document  includes  this  language: 

The  grants  will  be  awarded  by  a  committee  elected  by  the  members  of  the 
Fund.     The  current  members  of  the  Awards  Committee  are: 

The  first  named  is  Frank  Coe,  and  the  second  is  Stanlej^  Moore. 

Were  you  a  member  of  the  Awards  Committee  of  Tlie  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis  ? 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds  previ- 
ously stated,  relying  upon  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Among  the  other  persons  mentioned  are  Irving 
Kaplan,  Russ  Nixon,  Harry  Magdofl',  Annette  Rubinstein,  and  also 
Frank  Coe.     Were  you  acquainted  with  them  personally? 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds  pre- 
viously stated,  relying  on  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  tell  the  committee,  please,  what  your  edu- 
cational training  and  background  has  been  ? 

Mr.  Moore.  I  graduated  from  the  University  of  California  at  Berke- 
ley in  about  1935.  I  then  took  graduate  work  at  Harvard  University, 
and  at  the  University  of  California,  taking  my  Ph.  D.  degree  at  the 
University  of  California  at  Berkeley  in  1940,  to  the  best  of  my  recol- 
lection. 

As  far  as  postdoctoral  education  is  concerned,  I  have  studied  at 
Cambridge  University,  England,  and  at  Columbia  University  in  New 
York ;  also  at  the  new  School  for  Social  Research  in  New  York  City. 
That  constitutes  my  educational  record. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Have  you  engaged  in  teaching  at  any  place  that  you 
have  not  mentioned  ? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1960  63 

Mr.  Moore.  Oh,  yes.     You  didn't  ask  me  my  teaching  record. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Suppose  you  give  us  your  record  of  employment. 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  have  taught  at  the  University  of  California  as  a 
teaching  assistant  during  my  graduate  years  and  later  as  a  lecturer  in 
philosophy  at  the  end  of  the  Second  World  War.  I  have  also  taught 
at  Reed  College  in  Portland,  Oreg. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  dates,  please. 

Mr.  MooRE.  From  1948  until  1954. 

I  have  also  taught  at  Harvard  University;  the  dates  there,  from 
1940  to  1942.  And  I  have  taught  at  Barnard  College  during  the  last 
year. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  tell  the  committee,  please,  how  you  were 
selected  to  participate  in  the  work  of  granting  awards  or  making 
grants,  if  you  did  ? 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds  pre- 
viously stated,  relying  upon  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  have  any  connection  with  the  original  for- 
mation of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Mr.  Moore.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds  pre- 
viously stated,  relying  upon  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  know  that  Dr.  Aptheker,  at  the  time  he 
received  an  award,  was  a  member  of  the  National  Committee  of  the 
Communist  Party  of  the  United  States  ? 

Mr.  Moore.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
previously  stated,  reljdng  upon  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  was  your  participation,  if  any,  in  the  grant- 
ing of  that  award  ? 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
previously  stated,  relying  upon  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  were  a  witness  before  this  committee  on  Jmie 
2, 1954, 1  believe. 

Mr.  MooRE.  To  my  recollection,  it  was  June  1954.  I  couldn't  check 
on  the  date. 

Mr.  Ta\^nner.  Yes.  At  that  time  you  refused  to  answer  ques- 
tions relating  to  your  own  Communist  Party  affiliations  on  the  ground 
of  the  fifth  amendment.   That  is  correct,  is  it  not  ? 

Mr.  MooRE.  To  the  best  of  my  recollection. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes.  Now,  since  that  time,  there  have  been  sev- 
eral witnesses  before  this  committee  who  have  testified,  and  in  their 
testimony  they  have  referred  to  you.  So  I  think  I  should  ask  you 
questions  relating  to  their  testimony.  I  am  not  going  to  repeat  any- 
thing that  occurred  at  your  former  appearance  before  the  committee. 

Are  you  acquainted  with  a  person  by  the  name  of  Marjorie  Owen? 

Mr.  Moore.  I  will  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
previously  stated,  relying  upon  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Marjorie  Jean  Owen  testified  that  as  a  member  of 
the  Financial  Commission  of  the  Communist  Party  she  was  instructed 
to  raise  money  from  the  membership  of  the  Professional  Club,  located 
in  Portland.  She  met  with  that  group,  according  to  her  testimony, 
as  a  member  of  the  group,  Stanley  Moore.  Were  you  a  member  of 
the  Professional  Club  in  Portland  at  the  time  she  was  endeavoring 
to  raise  money  from  that  group  ? 

72930—61 6 


64  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

JNIr.  Moore.  The  question  does  not  specify  the  date,  but  I  would 
decline  to  answer  it  on  the  grounds  previously  stated,  relying  upon 
the  firet  and  fifth  amendments. 

You  didn't  say  anything  about  this  testimony  as  to  Miss  Owen  or 
Mrs.  Owen  as  to  the  date. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  No;  I  do  not  have  the  exact  date.  But  on  that 
point,  when  did  you  state  you  were  in  Portland  ? 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  was  employed  at  Reed  College  and  lived  in  Portland 
from  the  years  1948  until  1953.  I  was  on  leave  from  lleed  College, 
still  on  the  faculty,  in  the  academic  year  1953-54;  so  that  I  lived 
in  Portland  from  the  fall  of  1948  until  the  spring  of  1953. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mrs.  Ow^en  was  asked  this  question : 

Can  you  fix  an  approximate  date,  at  the  time  you  became  a  member  of  the 
Financial  Commission  of  tlie  Communist  Party  in  Portland V 

And  that  was  the  occasion  at  which  she  was  attempting  to  raise  this 
money.     Her  answer  was : 

Somewhere  in  1949  or  1950. 

Now,  with  that  explanation,  do  you  state  that  she  was  in  error  or 
that  she  was  correct  in  identifying  you  as  a  member  of  the  Profes- 
sional group  of  the  Communist  Party  in  Portland  ? 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  ground  previ- 
ously stated,  relying  upon  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

My  statement  about  the  date  was  parenthetical.  I  was  refusing  to 
answer  the  question,  but  pointed  out  it  wasn't  a  very  good  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  It  was  parenthetical,  but  I  do  not  want  to  leave  any 
parenthetical  questions  unanswered. 

On  June  19,  1954,  the  committee  received  testimony  from  Robert 
Wishart  Canon,  a  resident  of  Portland,  Oreg.  Were  you  acquainted 
with  Mr.  Canon  while  you  lived  in  Portland  ? 

Mr.  Moore.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds  previ- 
ously stated,  relying  on  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  In  the  course  of  his  testimony,  Mr.  Canon  stated 
that  Dr.  Stanley  Moore  joined  the  Professional  Club  of  the  Com- 
munist Party  in  August  or  September  1948. 

Was  that  statement  true,  or  was  it  false  ? 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  decline  to  ansAver  that  question  on  the  grounds  previ- 
ously stated,  relying  upon  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Have  you  been  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party 
since  you  were  before  this  committee  on  June  2, 1954  ? 

Mr.  MooRE.  I  am  not  now  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party. 

Mr.  Taa^nner.  All  right,  sir.  Now,  will  you  answer  my  question, 
please  ? 

Mr.  Moore.  And  I  have  not  been  since  appearing  before  the  com- 
mittee in  June  1954. 

Furthennore,  I  was  not  wlien  I  appeared  before  the  committee  in 
June  1954. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  prior  to  that  time  a  member  of  the  Com- 
mmiist  Party  ? 

Let  us  put  it  this  way:  Didn't  you  join  the  Communist  Party  in 
August  or  September  1948 — the  Professional  Club  of  the  Communist 
Party? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES   CONTROL   ACT   OP    1950  65 

Mr.  Moore.  I  will  decline  to  answer  that  question  upon  the 
grounds  previously  stated,  relying  upon  the  first  and  fifth  amend- 
ments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  while 
you  were  teaching  at  Reed  College  ? 

Mr.  Moore.  I  will  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
previously  stated,  relying  upon  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  have  no  further  questions,  Mr.  Chairman. 

Mr,  Doyle.  I  think  I  have  one. 

Doctor,  some  of  the  rest  of  us  wish  we  had  the  magnificent  formal 
education  that  you  have  had  the  benefit  of.  I  noticed  your  more  or 
less  voluntary  statement  a  minute  ago  that  you  are  not  now  a  member 
of  the  Communist  Partyj  and  were  not  in  June  1954,  when  you  ap- 
peared before  this  committee  previously.  Without  drawing  any  in- 
ferences on  my  part  deliberately  to  try  to  hurt  you  or  embarrass  you, 
I  wonder  if  you  could  help  us  m  our  study  of  the  Communist  Party 
as  a  subversive  group,  we  believe  very  definitely.  The  indelible  evi- 
dence shows  that,  in  our  judgment.  Could  you  give  us  the  benefit  of 
any  reason  why,  if  you  ever  were  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party, 
you  discontinued  the  membership  ? 

In  other  words,  a  man  with  your  education  must  have  had  some  mo- 
tive that  caused  you  to  desist  from  that  association.  I  am  not  asking 
for  your  political  beliefs  of  any  sort.  I  am  asking  you,  as  a  man  edu- 
cated partly  in  California,  where  I  was  born,  being  very  familiar  with 
the  University  of  California  in  Berkeley :  Have  you  any  information 
to  give  us,  as  the  committee,  in  our  effort  to  understand  the  Commu- 
nist Party  as  a  subversive  agency  in  connection  with  our  legislative 
duties  ? 

I  am  not  asking  you  to  embarrass  yourself  at  all,  but  is  there  any 
help  you  can  give  us,  any  contribution  you  can  make  ?  It  may  be  that 
some  people  will  smile  at  that,  but  maybe  it  is  not  a  silly  question  to 
ask  on  my  part,  from  an  educated  man  like  you. 

Mr.  Moore.  Under  other  circumstances  I  would  be  interested  in 
talking  about  political  questions  and  the  issues  that  confront  the  world 
at  this  time.  Certainly  I  believe  a  question  that  asks  for  a  discussion 
in  the  spirit  in  which  the  Congressman's  question  was  phrased  ordi- 
narily requires  an  answer.  Under  the  present  circumstances,  under 
oath  before  a  committee  of  this  kind,  I  shall  respectfully  decline  to 
answer  the  question  upon  the  grounds  previously  stated. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Well,  thank  you  for  giving  your  attention  to  it. 

The  Chairman.  If  there  are  no  other  questions,  the  witness  is  dis- 
charged. 

(At  this  point  the  witness  was  excused.) 

The  Chairman.  Call  the  next  witness. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Russell  Nixon. 

The  Chairman.  Will  you  raise  your  right  hand  ? 

Do  you  swear  to  tell  the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the 
truth,  so  help  you  God  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  do. 


66  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

TESTIMONY  OF  RUSSELL  ARTHUR  NIXON 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  are  Mr.  Kussell  Nixon  ? 

Mr.  NixoN".  That's  right. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  do  you  reside  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  Brooklyn,  New  York. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Wliat  is  your  present  occupation  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  It  is  a  matter  of  public  record  that  I  am  the  Washing- 
ton representative  of  the  United  Electrical,  Radio  and  Machine 
Workers,  UE,  and  have  been  for  the  last  20  years. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes.  You  were  when  you  previously  appeared 
before  this  committee. 

Mr.  Nixon.  Every  time,  yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  hand  you  "Moore  Exhibit  No.  1,"  which  lists  the 
names  of  persons  who  are  members  of  the  Awards  Committee  of  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis.  Please  examine  it  and  see  whether  or  not 
your  name  is  listed  as  one  of  the  members.     (See  pp.  61,  62.) 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  am  not  going  to  discuss  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 
in  any  way,  shape,  or  form,  with  you,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Please  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Nixon.  Was  that  not  clear  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  No. 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  am  not  going  to  discuss  or  answer  any  question  with 
regard  to  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  in  any  way,  shape,  or  form. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Not  even  if  it  relates  to  your  membership  in  some 
of  the  functions  of  that  organization ;  is  that  what  you  mean  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  tried  to  make  my  statement  as  categorical  as  I  could. 
I  meant  it  that  way. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  ask  that  you  direct  the  witness  to 
answer  the  question. 

The  Chairman.  Repeat  the  question,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  question  is  whether  or  not  his  name  appears  on 
this  statement  as  a  member  of  the  Awards  Committee  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  that  question,  Mr. 
Nixon. 

Mr.  Nixon.  Mr.  Walter,  before  tliis  committee,  I  am  not  going  to 
answer  any  question  regarding  the  subject  of  this  inquiry.  The  Fund 
for  Social  Analysis,  nor  will  I  answer  any  questions  that  I  consider 
to  deal  with  my  political  views,  political  activities  or  political  asso- 
ciations. 

And  I  take  that  position  for  several  reasons,  of  which  I  would  like 
to  tell  you  briefly : 

In  the  first  place,  I  would  refuse  to  cooperate  with  this  committee, 
because  with  a  growing  number  of  American  people,  I  believe  that  it 
weakens  the  national  security  and  the  welfare  of  my  country,  because 
it  creates  an  atmosphere  of  conformity  and  fear.  It  destroys  free 
debate.  It  is  hostile  to  the  concepts  of  a  democratic,  open  society, 
which  is  our  best  national  safeguard  in  the  face  of  all  the  problems 
that  we  confront.     That  is  my  first  reason. 

There  are  a  great  number  of  people  who  feel  the  same  way  I  do. 
If  you  permit  me,  I  would  like  to  put  in  the  record  a  few  evidences  of 
the  broad  opinion  that  supports  this  view  on  my  part. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES   CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950  67 

The  Chairman.  I  think  the  record  in  the  Congress  speaks  for  itself ; 
so  go  ahead. 

Mr.  Nixon.  You  don't  have  the  statement  of  the  National  Commit- 
tee of  the  Young  Democratic  Clubs  of  America  last  year.  I  would 
like  to  put  that  in  the  record. 

The  Chairman.  I  know  all  about  that,  too. 

Ask  your  question,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr.  Nixon.  Well,  wait  a  minute.  I  am  not  completed,  at  all.  I 
gave  the  first  reason  why  I  was  refusing  to  answer,  but  I  thought 
perhaps  you  would  let  me  put  some  of  this  corroborative  material  in 
the  record,  since  it  is  not  in  the  record  of  this  committee  or  any  con- 
gressional record  that  I  know  of.  But  I  gather  you  are  not  going 
to  permit  me  to  do  that. 

The  Chairman.  It  is  not  relevant  at  all  to  the  issues. 

Mr.  Nixon.  All  right.  The  second  reason  that  I  decline  to  answer 
the  questions  as  I  have  described  them  is  that  this  particular  hearing 
is  especially  outrageous,  because  it  is  directed  at  a  small  group  that  has 
no  government  connection  whatsoever.  It  is  engaged  in  private 
research  relationships.  And  what  you  are  doing  here  is  a  clear  attack 
on  the  academic  and  scholarly  freedom  and  freedom  of  inquiry  in  our 
country. 

There  is  no  tax  issue  involved  here,  since  there  has  never  been  any 
question  of  application  for  tax  exemption.  There  is  no  payroll. 
There  is  no  income  in  the  tax  sense,  as  I  understand  it.  And  I  think 
that  this  is  a  baseless  and  outrageous  hearing,  this  one  in  particular. 

Third,  I  think  that  there  is  no  legitimate  legislative  purpose  in  this 
hearing.  I  am  not  sure  that  you  have  jurisdiction  over  taxes.  I 
don't  know  whether  the  Ways  and  Means  Committee  has  given  that 
up.     I  doubt  it.     And  that  is  a  third  reason. 

And  in  the  fourth  place,  I  would  refuse  to  respond  to  the  type  of 
questions  I  have  described,  because  I  think  such  questions  and  such 
an  inquiry  violates  the  first  amendment,  the  protections  of  freedom 
that  that  involves,  and  I  feel,  as  the  four  minority  members  of  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court,  including  the  Republican  Chief  Justice 
and  the  other  three  members  do,  that  inquiries  of  this  sort  are  subver- 
sive of  American  democracy.  And  for  that  reason  I  certainly  decline 
to  answer. 

Now,  I  decline  to  answer,  also,  finally,  because  of  the  protection  that 
is  afforded  me  by  the  fifth  amendment,  in  the  Bill  of  Rights,  which 
extends  to  all  citizens  the  privilege  not  to  be  a  witness  against  himself. 

I  assert  this  privilege  in  view  of  the  jeopardy  which  I  believe  con- 
fronts me  and  every  other  unfriendly  witness  before  this  committee 
when  confronted  by  such  questions. 

I  assert  this  privilege,  because  I  fear  for  myself  as  well  as  others 
the  invasion  of  my  liberty,  threatened  by  the  combination  of  the 
repressive  thought  control  legislation  now  in  effect  and  the  allegations 
of  perjurious  witnesses. 

And  I  utilize  this  valued  and  I  believe  very  necessary  constitutional 
protection,  emphasizing  that  it  was  written  into  our  Bill  of  Rights 
to  protect  persons,  and  that  its  invocation  is  not  evidence  of  guilt  or 
crime  or  wrongdoing. 

For  all  of  these  reasons,  I  decline  to  answer  the  question  you  have 
just  asked  me. 


68  SUBVERSIVE   ACnVITIES   CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950 

And  I  will  for  the  same  reason  refuse  to  answer  other  questions  that 
I  deem  to  be  of  the  same  character. 

I  should  like  to  say  in  conclusion  that  when  and  if  you  ask  further 
questions  of  this  nature,  and  I  say  I  decline  for  the  reasons  already 
stated,  I  have  reference  to  all  of  the  reasons  that  I  have  just  described 
to  you. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Now,  Witness,  are  you  still  a  member  of  the  Com- 
munist Party  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  Did  you  hear  my  statement  just  now,  Mr.  Scherer  ? 

Mr.  Scherer.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  ask  that  you  direct  the  witness  to 
answer  the  question — whether  he  is  still -a  member  of  the  party. 

The  Chairman.  Answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Nixon.  Well,  the  reason  1  ask  whether  you  heard  my  statement 
is  because  it  is  a  categorical  refusal  to  answer  all  such  questions,  and 
there  should  be  no  question  in  your  mind  that  I  am  going  to  answer 
that  question,  and  I  refuse  to  answer  it  for  all  the  reasons  that  I  have 
just  described. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  in 
1958,  the  year  of  the  publication  of  the  Statement  of  the  Awards 
Committee  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  You  are  wasting  your  time.  I  am  not  going  to  answer 
your  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  refuse  to  answer  for  the  reasons  that  you 
have  assigned  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  Every  time  I  say  I  refuse  to  answer,  it  is  for  all  of  the 
reasons  that  I  just  described. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  It  is  noted  that  the  address  given  of  the  office  for 
The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  is  Room  2800,  165  Broadway.  Have 
you  met  with  the  officers  of  this  association  at  that  address? 

Mr.  Nixon,  Don't  you  understand  my— ^ — - 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Don't  you  understand  the  question  ? 

The  Chairman.  Answer  the  question,  Mr.  Nixon. 

Mr.  Nixon.  As  I  said  before,  I  am  not  going  to  answer  any  ques- 
tions regarding  the  Fund. 

Mr.  Ta\^nner.  Then  you  refuse  to  answer.  And  I  am  going  to 
continue  to  ask  the  questions  that  you  ought  to  be  asked. 

Mr.  Nixon.  Go  right  ahead. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  And  it  is  up  to  you  to 

Mr.  Nixon.  You  understand  what  I  said  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  understand  what  you  said,  but  I  always  live  in 
hopes  that  a  person  may  change  his  mind,  even  you,  Mr.  Nixon. 

Mr.  Nixon.  Same  to  you,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  play  any  part  in  this  organization,  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis? 

Mr.  Nixon.  No  answer. 

Mr.  Scherer.  I  ask  that  you  direct  the  witness  to  answer. 

The  Chairman.  You  mean  you  refuse  to  answer  for  the  reasons 
stated  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  Yes,  sir.    If  I  am  directed,  that  is  what  I  would  say. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  knowingly  participate  in  the  making  of 
a  grant  to  a  member  of  the  National  Committee  of  the  Communist 
Party  of  the  United  States  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  No  answer,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  69 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  decline  to  answer  for  the  reasons  that  I  described  a 
short  time  ago. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  know  the  source  of  the  funds  under  which 
this  organization  has  operated  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  No  answer. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  made  a  statement  a  little  while  ago  that  there 
was  no  application  for  tax  exemption  made  by  The  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis.    Have  they  filed  a  tax  return  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  No  answer. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  that  question. 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  decline  to  answer. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  think  you  opened  the  door,  there,  for  yourself, 
Mr,  Nixon. 

Mr.  NixoN.  I  discussed  that  only  at  the  outset  when  I  was  telling 
you  of  my  reason  for  not  answering  the  question,  and  I  am  declining 
to  answer  the  question  on  the  grounds  already  stated. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  How  do  you  know  the  association  has  not  made 
any  application  for  tax  exemption? 

Mr.  Nixon.  No  answer,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer. 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  I  have  already 
stated :  all  of  them. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  spoke  of  the  activities  of  certain  youth  organi- 
zations. Were  you  referring  to  the  New  York  Council  To  Abolish 
The  House  Un-American  Activities  Committee  in  making  that 
reference  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  No  answer  to  your  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  youth  organization  were  you  referring  to? 

Mr.  Nixon.  No  answer  to  your  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  ask  for  a  direction,  Mr.  Chairman.  He  has 
opened  the  door  for  that. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  that  question. 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  decline  to  answer  for  all  the  reasons  I  have  stated. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  Mr.  Magdoff,  the  president  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis,  and  yourself,  appear  before  the  New  York  Council 
To  Abolish  The  House  Un-American  Activities  Committee  and  set  up 
a  form  of  attack  against  this  committee  because  of  its  making  this 
investigation  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  No  answer  to  you,  Mr.  Tavenner. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Tavenner,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  there  was  a 
large  advertisement  in  one  of  the  local  newspapers  this  morning,  I 
suggest  that  you  send  a  copy  of  this  record  to  everybody,  except  the 
known  Communists,  who  signed  that  ad.  I  think  they  would  be  very 
much  interested  in  seeing  who  their  associates  are. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  Proceed. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Have  you  received  a  United  States  passport  re- 
cently ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  Yes,  I  have  a  passport.  That  is  a  matter  of  public 
record. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes.     And  when  did  you  receive  it  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  don't  have  the  date.    You  probably  have  it. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  the  application  made  in  1959  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  Is  that  what  you  read  there  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  December  14, 1959. 


70  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  don't  recall.     You  have  the  documents  in  front  of  you. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  thmk  I  gave  you  the  correct  date  of  it.  Have  you 
traveled  under  that  passport? 

Mr.  Nixon.  No. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  the  passport  granted  you  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  That  question  is  redundant,  but  it  is  obvious  that  it  was. 
You  have  the  record  right  there  in  front  of  you. 

^   Mr.  Tavenner.  I  have  your  passport  application.     I  do  see  that  it 
IS  stamped,  that  it  was  granted,  yes. 

I  have  referred  to  the  appearance  of  President  Magdoff  and  your- 
self before  the  New  York  Council  To  Abolish  The  House  Un-Ameri- 
can Activities  Committee.  I  would  like  to  ask  you  now  whether  or  not 
you  circularized  a  statement  opposing  this  committee  among  the  mem- 
bership of  the  United  Electrical,  Radio  and  Machine  Workers  of 
America.  In  fact,  did  you  not  send  them  the  same  statement  that  was 
introduced  as  Rubinstein  Exhibit  No.  7,  which  is  a  document  that  I 
will  show  to  you?     (See  pp.  26-29.) 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  am  not  going  to  respond  to  that. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  For  the  same  reason  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  For  the  same  reason. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  had  a  considerable  ax  to  grind,  did  you  not 
because  of  your  association  with  the  organization  that  was  under  in- 
vestigation, when  you  urged  the  New  York  Council  to  oppose  this 
committee  and  this  investigation  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  Well,  I  guess  I  won't  respond  to  that,  either. 

This  "ax  to  grind"  business— I  don't  know  what  that  means. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Oh,  yes,  you  do. 

Mr.  Nixon,  I  don't  know  what  you  mean  by  it. 

]Mr.  Tavenner.  I  have  no  further  questions. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  have  one. 

I  am  not  going  to  ask  you  anything  in  connection  with  the  Fund. 
Iherefore  I  assume  that  you,  as  a  national  representative  of  many 
thousands  of  American  workingmen,  to  my  knowledge,  are  naturally 
desirous  of  helping  your  own  Congress  in  its  study  of  subversive 
activities  wherever  they  occur. 

For  the  purpose  of  this  question,  I  am  eliminating  the  Fund.  So 
you  won  t  have  that  objection  already  in  your  mouth  to  give  to  the 
question. 

As  the  leader  of  many  thousands  of  electrical  workmen  in  my 
country  and  your  country,  have  you  ever  had  the  experience  of 
persons  known  to  you  to  be  Communist  members  trying  to  infiltrate 
your  own  labor  union  and  take  control  of  it  ? 

Mr.  Nixon.  Well,  I  am  not  going  to  discuss  that  with  you,  Mr 
-Uoyle.  I  am  here  under  subpena.  I  think  there  is  room  for  dis- 
cussion of  this  question.  I  have  long  wanted  to  have  a  public  hearing 
on  this  Un-American  Activities  Committee,  and  have  urged  it  I 
have  never  been  able  to  get  one. 

Maybe  if  that  were  to  happen,  some  of  these  matters  could  be  dis- 
cussed as  a  legislative  matter.  But  I  am  not  going  to  talk  that  over 
with  you  here  under  subpena. 

IMr.  Doyle.  You  are  a  leader  of  thousands  of  American  workers. 

Mr.  Nixon.  I  hope  it  is  a  frank  answer.  I  am  not  going  to  discuss 
it  here  with  you  under  subpena. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT    OF    1950  71 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  am  giving  you  the  chance  to  discuss  it  here  with  us, 
for  the  benefit  of  your  country,  whether  you  have  had  that  experience. 
My  impression  is  that  you  have.  And  I  am  surprised  you  do  not 
take  the  opportunity  to  tell  the  American  public  that  you  are  opposed 
to  the  Communist  Party  in  labor  unions.    That  surprises  me. 

The  Chairjnian.  The  committee  will  recess  for  5  minutes. 

(At  this  point  a  short  recess  was  taken.) 

The  Chairman.  The  committee  will  be  in  order. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Dr.  Herbert  Aptheker,  will  you  come  forward, 
please  ? 

The  Chairman.  Will  you  raise  your  right  hand  ? 

Do  you  swear  that  the  testimony  you  are  about  to  give  will  be  the 
truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  notliing  but  the  truth,  so  help  you  God  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  do. 

TESTIMONY  OP  HERBERT  APTHEKER,  ACCOMPANIED  BY  COUNSEL, 
STANLEY  FAULKNER 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  state  your  name,  please  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Herbert  Aptheker. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  counsel  accompanying  the  witness  please 
identify  himself  ? 

Mr.  Faulkner.  Stanley  Faulkner,  9  East  40th,  New  York  16,  New 
York. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  When  and  where  were  you  born,  Mr.  Aptheker? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  was  born  in  1915  in  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  New 
York. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  financial  records  of  The  Fund  for  Social  An- 
alysis indicate  the  payment  of  a  thousand  dollars  to  you  as  a  grant 
by  that  Fund.  The  committee  has  caused  you  to  be  served  with  a 
subpena  duces  tecum  to  produce  all  the  correspondence  between  your- 
self and  the  Fund,  including  a  copy  of  all  the  work  products  re- 
sulting from  the  grants  or  awards  made  to  you  by  The  Fmid  for  Social 
Analysis.  I  would  like  to  call  for  the  production  of  those  docu- 
ments now. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  There  is  no  correspondence  in  my  own  possession, 
since  I  keep  no  copies  of  the  letters  that  I  write.  I  do  have  two  items 
which  are  the  beginnings  of  prmted  results  of  the  research  that  I 
have  done  in  this  field,  which  I  have  brought. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  May  we  see  the  dates,  please? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  This  is  June  1960.  This  is  February  1961.  Other 
things  will  be  forthcoming  very  soon. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Your  work  has  not  been  completed  for  which  you 
were  given  the  grants.   Is  that  it  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  That  is  correct. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Wliat  was  the  nature  of  your  correspondence  with 
the  Fund,  which  led  to  the  making  of  the  grant  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  simply,  having  learned  about  the  Fund  through 
newspapers  or  some  other  public  announcement,  applied  for  a  grant, 
as  I  have  applied  in  other  cases,  for  example  with  the  Guggenheim 
Foundation.  I  was  engaged  in  a  history  of  the  American  people, 
which  I  project  in  12  volumes.  At  the  time  I  wrote,  volume  1  had 
appeared.  Volume  2  was  in  process,  and  has  since  appeared.  And  I 
wrote  and  requested  some  financial  assistance  to  help  me  complete  the 


72  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

production  of  this  study,  particularly  the  volume  which  will  deal  with 
the  Civil  War  in  the  United  States.  That  is  the  nature  of  my 
correspondence. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  To  whom  did  you  address  your  letter? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  don't  think  that  I  addressed  it  to  any  person.  I 
addressed  it  to  the  Fund,  to  the  best  of  my  recollection. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  recall  the  address  'i 

Mr.  Aptheker.  No,  sir ;  I  do  not. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  personally  acquainted  with  members  of 
the  Awards  Committee  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  would  respectfully  decline  to  answer  that.  Since 
it  involves  freedom  of  association  and  speech  in  terms  of  the  first 
amendment  and  the  fifth  amendment,  I  think  it  best  that  I  not  answer 
that.  I  do  not  wish  to  reply  in  terms  of  my  association  with  other 
people. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  a  member  of  the  National  Conmiittee  of 
the  Communist  Party  of  the  United  States  at  the  time  you  made 
your  application  for  the  grant  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  On  proper  occasions  I  discuss  my  political  ideas. 
I  do  so  proudly  and  at  every  opportunity. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  did  not  ask  for  political  ideas.  I  asked  for  party 
membership. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  don't  see  the  distinction  that  you  do ;  and  I  am 
not  through  with  the  answer  to  your  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  beg  your  pardon. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  see  no  propriety  or  right  in  examining  my  poli- 
tics or  my  religion  or  my  private  opinions.  If  it  were  not  this  kind 
of  a  hearing,  and  somebody  wanted  to  know  what  I  think  or  what  I 
believe,  I  am  more  than  anxious  to  oblige,  and  have  taken  every  op- 
portunity I  could  to  do  so. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  think  I  should  ask  for  a  direction. 

The  Chairman.  Yes.    You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  On  the  basis  of  the  fii"st  and  the  fifth  amendments, 
the  Bill  of  Rights,  I  most  certainly  refuse  to  answer  questions  before 
this  body  about  my  political  affiliations,  associations,  or  opinions. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Dr.  Aptheker,  were  you  interested  in  any  active 
way  in  the  formation  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  was  in  no  way  interested  in  this,  in  no  way  in- 
volved in  it.     No. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  tell  us,  please,  what  your  educational  back- 
ground has  been  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  graduated  from  public  school  and  high  school  in 
my  city.  I  received  a  Bachelor  of  Science  degree  in  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, a  Master  of  Arts  degree  in  Columbia  University,  a  Doctor  of 
Philosophy  degree  in  Columbia  University,  and  have  intensively  pur- 
sued studies  in  history,  science,  and  anthropology,  up  to  the  present 
moment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  has  been  your  employment,  say,  for  the  past 
10  years  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Ten  years — 1951  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Say,  begmning  in  1950. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  have  been  a  historian,  a  writer  of  books  and  other 
material.  I  have  been  a  lecturer.  I  have  been  an  editor.  I  suppose 
that  might  be  called  my  employment. 


,  "^  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT    OF    1950  73 

Mr.  Tavenner.  \Vhat  employment  did  you  have  during  that  period  ? 
I  mean,  by  whom  ?     Were  you  a  lecturer  at  a  school  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  frequently  lectured  at  schools,  yes.  I  was  em- 
ployed by  New  Century  Publishers.  That  is  the  employer,  in  my 
work  as  an  editor. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  tell  us  a  little  more  about  the  New  Cen- 
tury Publishers  ?     What  type  of  an  organization  is  it  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  don't  know  what  you  mean  by  "What  type  of  an 
organization  is  it." 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Well,  what  is  it  engaged  in  publishing  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Books,  magazines.    It  is  a  publishing  house. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Well,  will  you  name  the  publications  which  it  is 
engaged  in  publishing  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Mainstream  and  Political  Affairs. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  is  your  association  with  Political  Affairs? 
Are  you  its  editor  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  am. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  How  long  have  you  been  its  editor  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Oh,  about  4  or  5  years.  I  am  not  able  to  be  more 
precise. 

Mr.  TA^^NNER.  Will  you  tell  the  committee,  please,  how  you  ob- 
tained or  how  you  were  appointed  to  the  position  of  editor? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  No,  I  will  not  tell  the  committee  how  I  was  ap- 
pointed. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  it  because  of  the  interest  of  the  Communist 
Party  in  your  having  that  position  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  will  answer  no  questions  about  my  political  affilia- 
tions or  beliefs.  You  have  in  my  opinion  no  right  to  ask  me  such  a 
question.    I  find  it  an  indecent  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  asked  you  whether  or  not  you  were  employed  at 
the  instance  of  the  Communist  Party  of  the  United  States.  That  was 
my  question.     I  did  not  ask  you  anything  about  your  beliefs. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  cannot  disassociate  one  from  the  other.  You  are 
talking  about  a  political  party.    That  involves  my  beliefs. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  am  not  talking  about  a  political  party. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  think  you  are  talking  about  a  political  party. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  am  talking  about  the  Communist  Party  of  the 
United  States,  which  is  not  a  political  party. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Our  opinions  differ  strenuously. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Well,  were  you  employed  by  the  Communist  Party 
of  the  United  States  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  will  answer  no  questions  about  political  affiliation 
or  association  whatsoever.  I  have  already  told  you  how  I  was  em- 
ployed and  who  employed  me. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  employed  at  the  instance  of  the  Commu- 
nist Party  of  the  United  States  as  editor  of  Political  Affairs  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  The  question  has  been  asked  once  and  answered 
once.    I  don't  see  why  we  should  do  it  twice. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  May  I  have  a  direction  that  he  answer  the  question  ? 

The  Chairman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  On  the  basis  of  the  first  and  fifth  amendments,  I 
will  not  answer  that  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  have  before  me  what  appears  to  be  a  copy  of  the 
resolution  adopted  by  the  National  Committee  of  the  Communist 


74  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

Party,  wliicli  indicates  that  it  approved  appointments  of  Herbert 
Aptheker  as  editor  of  Political  Affairs  and  Dr.  Albert  Blumberg  as 
legislative  director. 

1  ask  you  to  look  at  it  and  state  whether  or  not  that  is  correct. 

Mr.  Aptiieker.  What  is  this  piece  of  paper? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  It  is  taken  from  the  Daily  Worker,  which  is  pub- 
lished by  your  employer. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Your  information  about  me  is  extraordinary.  I 
have  already  told  you  who  my  employer  was,  and  you  keep  saying  I 
have  another  employer.  I  assure  you  that  I  testified  under  oath 
who  my  employer  was.  Do  not,  therefore,  put  words  in  my  mouth, 
please. 

Now,  I  have  read  this  statement,  and  this  statement  says  what  you 
say  it  says. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Well,  is  it  true? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendments  to  the  Constitution. 

(Document  marked  "Aptheker  Exliibit  No.  1"  follows:) 

Aptheker  Exhibit  No.  1 

[Daily  Worker,  New  York,  Aug.  2,  1957,  p.  3] 

CP  Backs  Campaign   To  End  A-Bomb   Tests 

Support  of  efforts  to  end  A-bomb  tests  and  atomic  warfare  and  a  concerted  ef- 
fort to  re-build  the  Communist  Party  at  all  levels  were  the  chief  features  of  a 
two-day  quarterly  meeting  of  the  Communist  Party's  national  committee,  it  was 
announced  yesterday  at  the  organizations  headquarters. 

The  meeting,  held  here  July  27,  28,  brought  together  49  of  the  64-member 
committee  and  twenty  visitors. 

A  report  by  Eugene  Dennis,  party  national  affairs  secretary,  on  the  world- 
wide movement  to  ban  the  A-bomb  tests  was  adopted  unanimously.  The  report 
and  discussion  indicated  that  wide  nonpartisan  activity  against  the  tests, 
reflecting  popular  fear  of  radioactive  fallout,  was  under  way  in  a  number  of 
areas. 

Sid  Stein,  secretary  of  organization,  outlined  a  program  aimed  at  "reconstruct- 
ing the  very  foundations  of  our  movement."  The  report  developed  ideas  on 
reestablishing  party  organizations  and  re-winning  to  party  ranlis  those  who  left 
or  because  passive  in  the  recent  past. 

"Reconstruction  is  urgent,"  Stein  said,  "so  that  the  party  can  make  its  maxi- 
mum contribution  to  the  fight  for  peace,  full  equality  for  the  Negro  people,  civil 
liberties  and  the  many-sided  struggles  of  the  labor  movement. 

The  discussion,  ranging  over  many  aspects  of  party  policy,  indicated  support 
of  the  report  and  the  basic  decisions  of  the  IGth  national  convention  of  the 
party.    The  report  was  adopted  and  will  be  published. 

The  national  committee  greeted  the  release  from  Smith  Act  sentences  of  Eliza- 
beth Gurley  Flynn,  Robert  Thompson,  Pettis  Perry,  Alexander  Bittleman  and 
Louis  Weinstock,  who  were  present,  as  well  as  V.  J.  Jerome  and  Arnold  Johnson, 
who  were  on  vacation.  Speakers  urged  intensified  efforts  to  win  amnesty  for 
Henry  Winston,  Gil  Green  and  Irving  Potash,  national  party  leaders  still 
imprisoned. 

In  other  actions,  the  meeting  voted  to : 

Submit  to  the  membership  a  four-month  plan  of  work  based  on  the  organiza- 
tional report. 

Approve  a  report  of  its  committee  on  publications  dealing  with  recommenda- 
tions to  improve  the  content  of  publications  towards  furthering  the  reflection  of 
policies  adopted  by  the  16th  national  convention. 

Approve  a  report  of  its  appeals  committee. 

Approve  the  action  of  the  National  Executive  Committee  in  not  electing  gen- 
eral officers  and  in  naming  a  collective  leadership  of  nine  secretaries,  seven  of 
whom  comprise  the  party's  Administrative  Committee.  These  are :  Eugene  Den- 
nis, national  affairs;  Sid  Stein,  organization;  Benjamin  J.  Davis,  Negro  affairs; 
James  Jackson,  Southern  affairs ;  Hy  Lumer,  education  and  publications ;  Fred 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT    OF    1950  75 

M.  Fine,  Labor  affairs;  John  Gates,  public  affairs;  Earl  Durham,  youth  work, 
and  Carl  Ross,  farm  work.  The  latter  two  are  not  included  in  the  Administrative 
Committee  because  of  geographical  consideration. 

Approve  appointments  by  the  National  Education  Committee  of  Herbert 
Aptheker  as  editor  of  Political  Affairs,  and  Dr.  Albert  Blumberg  as  legislative 
director. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  According  to  the  investigation  made  by  the  staff, 
The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  was  established  somewhere  aromid  Jan- 
uary 1958,  Prior  to  that  time,  did  you  discuss  its  creation  with  any 
of  the  individuals  who  became  its  officers  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  did  not. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  In  the  September  1958  issue  of  Political  Affairs, 
there  appears  a  discussion  under  the  title,  "Opening  of  the  Discussion 
in  Preparation  of  a  Basic  Program :  The  American  Koad  to  Social- 
ism." This  article  emphasized  the  need  for  the  creation  of  Marxist 
writings  and  Marxist  discussion  groups  throughout  the  United  States. 
You  are  familiar  with  that  article,  are  you  not?     That  was  in  1958. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  see  nothing  in  this  remotely  close  to  what  you 
stated  was  in  it. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  read  to  you  the  title  of  the  document. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  You  did  more  than  that,  sir. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  And  I  said  that  it  emphasized  the  need  for  the 
creation  of  Marxist  writings. 

Mr,  Aptheker.  And  study  groups. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  And  study  groups. 

Doesn't  it  assert  the  need  for  Marxist  writings  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Let  me  have  it  again.  I  couldn't  find  it.  Do  you 
want  to  mark  it,  so  that  I  will  find  it  quickly  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  will  have  to  get  the  second  page  of  it.  Well, 
during  this  period  or,  rather,  following  this  period,  you  were  director 
of  what  is  known  as  The  New  York  School  for  Marxist  Studies  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Aptheker.  On  the  basis  of  the  first  and  fifth  amendments  I  de- 
cline to  reply  to  that  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  there  a  relationship  between  The  New  York 
School  for  Marxist  Studies  and  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  have  already  testified  that  I  had  no  part  in  the 
establishment  of  the  Fund.  Further  than  that,  when  you  inquire  with 
the  school,  I  have  already  on  the  basis  of  the  first  and  fifth  amend- 
ments declined  to  reply, 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  declined  to  answer  whether  or  not  you  were 
director  of  The  New  York  School  for  Marxist  Studies. 

I  desire  to  offer  in  evidence  a  leaflet  entitled  "The  New  York  School 
for  Marxist  Studies,  Dr.  Herbert  Aptheker,  Director,  Fall  Term 
Oct,-Nov,  1960,"  and  ask  that  it  be  marked  "Aptheker  Exhibit  No,  2." 

I  hand  it  to  the  witness  and  ask  him  if  he  still  refuses  to  answer  the 
question  as  to  whether  he  was  director. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  have  refused  to  answer  the  question  under  the 
basis  of  the  first  and  the  fifth  amendments,  and  because  of  the  noto- 
riety of  this  committee,  which  has  led  even  the  New  York  Times  to 
urge  its  abolition.     I  will  be  no  party  to  its  witch-hunting  processes. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  May  the  document  be  received  in  evidence  ? 

The  Chairman.  Make  it  a  part  of  the  record. 


76  SUBVERSIVE   Ae^MVt'TlES   CONTROL  ACT   OF    1950 

(Document  marked  "Aptheker  Exhibit  No.  2"  follows:) 
Apthekeir  Exhibit  No.  2 

Dr.  Herbert  Aptheker,  Directv 


The  New  York  School 

for 

MARXIST  STUDIES 

♦ 


853  Broadway,  N.  Y.  3 

(At  14th  St) 


Room  1922 
(GR  s-iseo) 


9-^ 


FALL  TERM  OCT. -NOV.,  1960 
Registration  Oct.  14  througjk  Oct.  21 


GENERAL    INFORMATION 

The  SCHOOL  is  located  at  Academy  HaH  853  Broadway,  near  14th  Street  Its  offices  are  In  Room  1922-23;  and  its  classes  are  taught 
in  various  rooms  in  this  building.  The  Fall  Term,  1960,  starts  Monday,  October  17,  and  continues  for  six  sessions  through  November 
21.  SCOPE  classes  start  Friday,  October  14  and  continue  on  for  six  sessions  until  November  25. 

REGISTRATION     starts  Friday,  October  7  and  continues  thrmigh  Monday,  October  17,  on  week-days,  from  4  to  8:30  pjn. 

FEES    are  $5  for  regular  courses  {1%  hrs  per  session)  and  $6  for  seminars  (2  hours  per  session).  Scope  classes  on  Fridays  $4. 
Fees   are  payable  in  full  at  registration;   wnere   this   entails  hardship,  half  payment  will  be  accepted  at  registration  with  full  pay- 
ment to  be  completed  not  later  than  the  third  session  of  the  class. 

SCHOLARSHIPS    are  offered,  both  partial  and  complete.  Inquire  at  the  office  about  Ais. 

BOOKS     for  an  classes  will  b«  on  sale  at  the  SCHOOL  OFFICE  (Room  1922). 

EXTENSION  CLASSES  :  Where  8  people  or  more  wish  to  attend  a  class  but  have  difficulty  in  coming  to  the  central  school 
extension  classes,  taught  by  memben  of  the  SCHOOL  faculty  will  be  organized.  The  fees  for  such  classes  will  be  the  same  as  at  the 
SCHOOL    itself,   plus    the    instructor's    fare.   Arrangements    for    such  classes  may  be  made  at  the  OFFICE. 

Special  LECTURES,  FORUMS,  and  CONFERENCES  will  be  sponsored  by  the  SCHOOL  from  time  to  time  on  questions  of  special  interert 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 


77 


REGULAR  CLASSES 

All  held  on  MONDAYS,  starting  October  17,  1960, 
concluding  November  21,  1960 


6:30^:00  p.m. 

THE  CIVIL  WAR  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

Dr.  Herbert  Aftheker 
Ceared  to  the  War's  Centennial,  this  course  will  analyze 
the  Causes,  Conduct  and  Consequences  of  the  Civil  War. 
It  will  deal  wi&  the  roots  of  the  conflict,  class  structure 
and  struggles.  North  and  South,  the  diplomacy  of  the 
conflict,  ffie  Negro  people's  role  in  it,  the  socio-economic 
and  political  results  of  it  Careful  attention  will  be  given 
to  the  differing  interpretations  of  the  War  now  current. 

6:30-8:00  p.m. 

THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  ART 

Sidney  Finkelstein 
Examination  of  the  nature  of  art  and  the  principles  of  its 
change  and  growth;  its  connection  to  society  and  pohtics. 
Special  attention  to  clarifying  the  modem  and  avante  earde 
movements.  Analysis  mainly  of  painting,  poetry,  and  the 
novel 

6:30-8:00  p.m. 

ISRAEL  AND  THE  MODERN  WORLD 

Jonah  Gluoc 

The  history  of  Israel,  its  present  condition  and  class  struc- 
ture. Position  of  Israel  In  relation  to  its  immediate  neigh- 
bors and  its  posture  in  International  affairs.  Special  atten- 
tion to  nature  of  Zionism  and  of  various  U.S.  organizations 
with  particular  interests  in  Israel. 

6:30-8:00  p.m. 

AN  INTRODUCTION  TO  MARXISM 

Henry  Klein 

What  is  Marxism?  What  are  Classes?  Class  Struggle? 
Capitalism?  Socialism?  Dialectical  Materialism?  "Human 
Nature"  and  Socialism.  War  and  Imperialism.  Socialism 
and  Progress. 

8:30-10:00  p.m. 

CURRENT  PROBLEMS  IN  MARXIST  THEORY 

Dr.  Herbert  Aptheker 
The  following  questions  will  be  examined:  What  is  Free- 
dom? What  is  me  Nature  of  Revolution?  Problems  of  the 
State  and  of  political  power;  The  Source,  role  and  con- 
sequence of  Rebgion;  Is  Democracy  possible?  What  is 
relationship  between  struggle  for  Sociahsm  and  for  Peace? 
The  Nature  and  Role  of  Nationalism. 

8:30-10:00  p.m. 

THE  CUBAN  REVOLUTION  Jesus  Colon 

The  History  of  Cuba,  with  special  attention  to  U.S.  con- 


nection therewith.  Analysis  of  events  leading  to  Castro 
triumph;  nature  of  the  Revolution  be  leads;  agrarian  and 
industrial  programs;  class  forces  Involved;  impact  upon 
rest  of  Latin-America;   relationship   to  Socialist  world. 

8:30-10:00  p.m. 

THE  ECONOMICS  OF  U.S.  CAPITALISM 
TODAY  Dr.  Hyman  Lumeh 

Class  structure  in  U.S.  today.  Truth  about  "People's  Cap- 
italism"; Is  the  economic  cycle  a  thing  of  the  past?  Facts 
on  monopolization  and  militarization  of  economy.  Problems 
of  automation;  disarmament  and  the  economy;  an  eco- 
nomic program  for  the  U.S.  today. 

8:30-10:00  P.M. 

TTIE  NEW  NA'nONS  OF  AFRICA  AND 

THE  END  OF  COLONIALISM 

William  L.  Patterson  and  guests 
History  of  Africa,  and  of  formation  of  newly-independent 
States  on  that  Continent.  Class  structures,  parties,  organiza- 
tions, leaders  in  the  New  A&ica.  Role  in  international 
affairs;  impact  upon  imperialism;  meaning  for  the  world 
today;  role  of  U.N.  in  liberation  of  African  peoples. 

SEMINARS 


TUESDAY:   (begins  Oct.  18)  7:30-9:30: 
READINGS  IN  MARXISM  Samuel  D'Long 

Three  brief  Marxist  classics  will  be  read  and  collectively 
analyzed:  The  Communist  Manifesto;  Wage  Labor  and 
Capital;  Socialism:  Scientific  and  Utopian.  Informal,  round- 
table  discussion  with  full  student  participation. 

WEDNESDAY  (begins  Oct.  19)  7:30-9:30 

MARXIST  WRITINGS  ON  ART 

Sidney  Finkelstein 
Collective  analysis  of  the  writings  on  art  by  Marx,  Engels, 
Plekhanov,  Lenin.  Careful  reading  assignments;  full  stu- 
dent participation. 

TOURSDAY:   (begins  Oct.  20)  7:30-9:30 
ROLE  OF  THE  MODERN  STATE  IN  THE  U.S. 
James  S.  Allen 

Meaning  of  state  intervention  in  economy;  different  forms 
of  state  economic  activities;  meaning  of  state  capitalism; 
meaning  of  state  monopoly  capitalism;  fonns  of  national- 
ization; evolution  of  state  monopoly  capitalism  iii  the 
United  States;  political  and  world  consequences  of  such 
development 


78 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 


SCOPE  CLASSES 

All  held  on  FRIDAYS  starting  October  14,  1960, 
concluding  November  25,  1960 


7:00-8:30  P.M. 

INTRODUCTION  TO  MARXISM 

TO  BE  ANNOUNCED 
A  class  for  teenagers  which  will  familiarize  the  student 
with  Marxist  concepts  in  philosophy,  history  and  eco- 
nomics. Among  the  many  subjects  to  be  discussed  will  be: 
Ethics  and  Morals  in  a  Class  Society— Relationship  to 
School,  Family  and  Friends— Major  Issues  of  Peace  and 
Desegregation.  An  invaluable  class  for  teenagers  interested 
in  beginning  their  study  of  Marxism. 


7:00-8:30  P.M. 

ANALYSIS  OF  SCIENTIFIC  SOCIALISM 

Betty  Gannett 
An  analysis  of  Marxist  theory  in  history  and  economics, 
with  discussions  on  practical  appUcations  in  both  socialist 
and  capitalist  societies.  Among  the  key  points  covered 
will  be:  Historical  Materialism,  Class  Struggle  and  The 
State,  Labor  Theory  of  Value,  Theory  of  Surplus  Value, 
Capitalist  and  Socialist  societies.  This  course  offers  a  sohd 
background  for  students  interested  in  the  theory  and  prac- 
tice of  Marxism. 


7:00-8:30  p.m. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  NEGRO  PEOPLE'S 
STRUGGLE  IN  THE  U.S.  Dr.  Herbert  Apthekeb 
Deals  with  the  historical  and  present  day  fight  for  social, 
political  and  economic  equahty  of  the  Negro  people.  Topics 
for  discussion  to  include:  material  roots  of  prejudice— 
the  class  nature  of  the  forces  of  oppression  of  the  Negro 
people— social  mores,  customs  and  Historical  development. 
Also  emphasized  will  be  the  gains  and  victories  of  the 
Negro  people,  their  resistance  and  mass  protest  ranging 
from  early  slave  revolts  to  today's  sit-ins. 

7:00-8:30  P.M. 

MARXIST  ANALYSIS  OF  PRE-MARXIST 
PHILOSOPHY  Dr.  Howard  Selsam 

A  survey  of  philosophy,  presenting  major  ideas  of  philoso- 
phy and  their  development  in  the  changing  course  of 
niunan  history  serving  as  a  prerequisite  for  Imowledge  of 
Marxist  philosophy.  To  include:  Bacon— Prophet  of  the 
New  Science;  Hobbes— Bodies  in  Motion;  Locke  to  Hume 
—Empiricism;  Descartes— Mind  and  the  World  Machine; 
Spinoza— Human  Bondage  and  Freedom;  Diderot,  Helve- 
tius— Materialism  as  a  Weapon;  Kant— Philosophical  Re- 
volution  and    Restoration;    Hegel— Dialectics.    Invaluable 


study  for  those  students  having  some  background  in 
Marxism. 

9:00-10:30  p.m. 

MARXIST  APPROACH  TO  PSYCHOLOGY 

Joseph  Lane 
Designed  to  acquaint  the  student  with  materialist  concepts 
of  and  a  scientific  approach  to  psychology.  Discussions 
will  be  centered  around  function  of  the  higher  nervous 
system,  consciousness,  perception  of  physical  phenomena, 
ideas  and  how  they  are  conceived.  Current  questions  of 
psychoanalysis,  hypnotism  and  latest  methods  of  mental 
therapy  will  also  be  touched  upon.  A  new  and  stimulating 
course  for  any  SCOPE  student 

9:00-10:30  p.m. 

HISTORICAL  MATERLU.IST  APPROACH 

TO  AMERICAN  HISTORY  to  be  announced 

An  explanation  of  Historical  Materialism  followed  by  study 
and  analysis  of  historical  landmarks  in  American  History 
from  colonial  times  to  the  Civil  War.  The  course  will 
cover  the  struggle  of  the  American  colonies  against  British 
colonialism.  Declaration  of  Independence,  the  Constitution, 
clais  structure  of  early  America  and  its  relationship  to 
industrialization,  slavery,  trade  unions  and  farm  move- 
ments ending  with  the  second  American  revolution,  the 
Civil  War.  An  invaluable  supplement  lo  high  school  and 
college  American  History  courses. 

9:00-10:30  p.m. 

AN  ECONOMIC  ANALYSIS  OF  MODERN 
AMERICAN  CAPITALISM  Victor  Perlo 

A  course  with  lectures  and  discussions  designed  to  explain 
and  probe  into  the  structure  of  American  Capitalism  and 
its  monopolistic  practices.  World  Markets  and  Imperialism 
and  their  relationship  to  our  economy,  as  well  as  Peo- 
ples' Capitalism  and  the  Welfare  State  will  be  among 
the  many  topics  discussed. 

9:00-10:30  P.M. 

HISTORY  OF  AMERICAN  RADICAL 
MOVEMENTS  William  Albertson 

The  history  of  the  various  American  radical  movements 
and  parties  and  their  role  and  relationship  to  our  country's 
history.  The  ideology  of  Socialist  and  Communist  parties 
will  be  examined  and  thoroughly  discussed.  Their  present 
policies  and  programs  will  be  critically  reviewed  in  light 
of  current  national  and  international  events. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0  79 

WHAT    IS    THE    N.Y.     SCHOOL    FOR    MARXIST    STUDIES? 

It  Is  a  newly-organized  school  seeking  to  continue  the  long  and  fauitful  history  of  progressive  education  In  New  Yoric  City.  Its  aim  is  to 
o£Fer  a  scientific  approach  to  the  ceaml  problems  fadng  out  nation. 

The  era  in  which  we  live  has  been  characterized  as  the  Age  of  Anxiety,  of  Conformity,  of  Cynicism;  such  tides  reflect  the  growing 
intellectual  and  moral  dissatisfaction  in  our  country.  President  Eisenhower's  answer  has  been  the  appointment  of  a  Committee  on 
National  Purpose,  which  is  charged  widi  discovering  one,  if  possible.  Our  answer  is  a  renewed  determination  to  teach  and  study  Marxism, 
which,  we  think,  offers  valid  answers. 


WHAT    SUBJECTS    ARE    TAUGHT? 

The  SCHOOL  offers  courses  in  economics,  politics,  histcry,  philosophy,  psychology,  literature,  music,  and  other  arts. 

WHO  MAY  ATTEND;  WHO  ARE  THE  TEACHERS? 

Any  one  may  attend.  The  SCHOOL  welcome  everyone,  regardless  of  previous  education,  of  nationality,  color,  creed,  cr  political  belief. 
The  teachers  are  men  and  women  of  considerable  experience  as  teachers  and  In  the  labor  and  progressive  movements  of  onr  nation. 
They  believe  that  Marxism  is  the  most  enUghtening  philosophy  available  for  comprehending  the  world  In  which  we  live. 

WHO    FINANCES    THE    SCHOOL? 

The  students,  through  their  course  fees,  are  &e  largest  source  of  InconeL  Clxptnditures  are  kept  to  an  absolute  mlnhniim  Even  lo,  boweva, 
the  SCHOOL  cannot  exist  on  the  basis  of  tuition  fees  alone;  hence  we  shall  attempt  a  continual  program  of  money-raising  through  affairs, 
donations,  and  other  aid  undertaken  by  our  students  and  friends. 

WHAT    IS    SCOPE? 

SCOPE— meaning  Student  Committee  on  Progressive  Education— Is  an  organization  of  young  people,  established  by  and  run  by  them, 
seeldne  instruction  in  matters  of  Interest  to  them  from  Marxist  teachers.  It  has  been  In  existence  for  several  years  and  been  quite  suc- 
cessful. It  has  chosen  to  become  an  organic  part  of  the  SCHOOL)  while  retaining  full  autonomy  as  to  its  own  curriculum.  It  participates 
in  the  conducting  of  the  SCHOOL  as  a  whole,  and  simultaaeoasly  has  full  responsibility  for  its  own  particular  program  geared  especially 
for  students  and  working  youth. 


72930—61- 


80  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

Mr.  Tavenner.  How  large  is  that  school?     Will  you  answer  that? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  think  you  know  that  I  will  not 

Mr.  Taatenner.  I  thought  that  you  might  not. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Therefore,  I  will  reply  no;  I  will  not  answer  that 
on  the  basis  of  the  first  and  fiftli  amendments. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  leaflet  that  I  handed  you,  The  New  York 
School  for  Marxist  Studies,  refers  to  "SCOPE  Classes"  being  held, 
and  then  on  another  page  it  refers  to  "Regular  Classes." 

Will  you  tell  the  committee,  please,  the  distinction  between  the  two 
types  of  classes  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Mr.  Tavenner,  privately  with  you  or  any  other 
citizen  of  the  United  States  I  would  be  very  happy  to  discuss  this 
and  other  questions,  but  I  guess  I  am  dull,  I  fail  to  see  the  pertinence 
of  this  with  what  was  supposed  to  have  brought  me  here,  and  I  have 
already  indicated  that  I  will  not  answer  questions  related  to  that 
school  on  the  basis  of  the  Bill  of  Rights. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  tell  the  committee,  please,  what  the  rela- 
tionship of  SCOPE  Classes  is  to  the  Communist  Party  of  the  United 
States,  if  any  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  again  state  that  the  pertinence  of  that  question  to 
this  inquiry  escapes  me,  and  I  affirm  again  that  on  the  basis  of  the 
first  and  fifth  amendments  I  will  not  reply  to  that  question. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Now  I  have  before  me  an  issue  of  Political  Affairs 
under  date  of  June  1959.  In  it  there  is  an  article  by  Hyman  Lumer, 
entitled  "On  Party  Youth  Work,"  ^  and  on  page  8  of  it  there  appears 
this  statement: 

A  number  of  non-Party  Marxist  youth  groups  have  sprung  up,  chiefly  on  col- 
lege campuses.  These,  usually  loose-knit  and  informal  in  character,  have  been 
devoted  principally  to  discussion  and  education.  An  outstanding  instance  is 
the  Student  Committee  on  Progressive  Education  (SCOPE)  in  New  Yorl<, 
which  has  organized  Marxist  classes  enrolling  over  100  students  at  a  time. 

Now,  will  you  tell  us  whether  or  not  the  SCOPE  Classes  referred 
to  in  The  New  York  School  for  Marxist  Studies  are  identical  to  the 
type  of  SCOPE  Classes  referred  to  by  Hyman  Lumer  in  that  article  ? 

Mr.  Faulkner.  Mr.  Chairman,  may  I  with  all  due  respect  address 
you  on  this  ? 

The  subpena  served  upon  Dr.  Aptheker  calls  for  an  investigation, 
presumably  of  a  fund.  This  interrogation  goes  far  afield  from  any- 
thing that  this  committee  has  set  out  to  investigate.  I  feel  that  it 
is  wholly  out  of  order,  and  I  call  upon  you  as  chairman  to  direct  Mr. 
Tavenner  that  this  questioning  is  far  afield  from  the  purpose  that 
this  committee  is  sitting  here  for  today. 

If  the  committee  wants  to  call  Dr.  Aptheker  back  on  another  day 
to  question  him  on  such  things  as  Mr.  Tavenner  is  questioning,  pur- 
suant to  a  subpena,  he  will  respect  the  subpena  and  appear,  but  I 
think  there  should  be  some  respect  to  the  members  of  this  committee 
that  Mr.  Tavenner  should  show. 

This  committee  was  called  together  to  interrogate  with  respect 
to  a  fund,  and  not  a  dozen  or  so  publications  and  many  extraneous 
features  of  possible  activity  and  writings  of  this  witness. 

The  Chahiman.  Well,  this  is  a  close  question,  but  I  think  that  it 
is  germane.     I  direct  the  witness  to  answer  the  question. 


1  The  complete  article  entitled  "On  Party  Youth  Work,"  marked  "Aptheker  Exhibit  No. 
3'  for  identification  purposes,  appears  on  pp.  84-91. 


SUBVERSIVE   ACTIVITIES   CONTROL   ACT   OF    1960  81 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  do  not,  Mr.  Chairman,  see  how  it  is  germane.  I 
wish  that  I  did.  But  I  do  not.  On  the  grounds  of  its  not  being 
germane  or  pertinent,  and  on  the  rights  in  the  Bill  of  Rights,  I  de- 
cline to  reply.  I  am  wondering,  since  Mr.  Tavenner  was  so  con- 
cerned about  the  grant  to  this  awful  Dr.  Aptheker,  and  asked  other 
witnesses  about  my  alleged  qualifications  for  a  scholarly  grant,  when 
he  might  get  to  that,  and  whether  he  thinks  that  that  is  pertinent 
to  this. 

The  Chairman.  Now  will  you  answer  the  question  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  have  answered  the  question,  sir. 

The  Chairman.  You  forgot  to  invoke  the  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  don't  think  that  I  did. 

Mr.  Faulkner.  May  we  have  the  question  repeated  ? 

Mr.  Willis.  He  invoked  all  of  the  protections  under  the  Bill  of 
Rights. 

Tlie  Chairman.  All  right, 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Dr.  Aptheker,  I  didn't  intend  by  the  questioning 
of  those  witnesses  to  indicate  that  you  were  not  qualified  scholas- 
tically.  I  have  been  endeavoring  to  find  out  from  you  other  quali- 
fications that  you  possess  such  as  your  membership  on  the  National 
Committee  of  the  Communist  Party.  So  in  the  light  of  your  answer, 
I  will  ask  you  that  question  again :  Were  you  a  member  of  the  Na- 
tional Committee  of  the  Communist  Party  at  the  time  that  this  grant 
was  made  to  you  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  It  was  already  testified  here  under  oath  by  several 
witnesses  that  there  were  not  such  qualifications  for  a  grant.  There- 
fore, political  affiliation,  it  was  testified  here,  without  any  contrary 
evidence,  had  nothing  to  do  with  qualifications  for  the  grant. 

Furthermore,  now  that  you  again  ask  the  same  question,  I  decline 
to  answer  it  for  the  reasons  that  I  have  at  least  seven  times  hitherto 
stated. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Is  The  New  York  School  for  Marxist  Studies  the 
successor  to  the  Faculty  of  Social  Science  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  will  answer  no  questions  of  that  nature  concern- 
ing schools,  and  I  wasn't  called  here  for  that  purpose,  according  to 
the  subpena.  It  is  irrelevant,  it  seems  to  me,  and  on  the  basis  of 
my  rights  in  the  Bill  of  Rights,  I  will  make  no  reply  to  this  irrelevant 
question. 

Mr.  Willis.  Mr.  Chairman,  at  this  point  I  call  attention  to  the 
implication  of  the  Bill  of  Rights.  I  think  that  is  really  too  broad, 
and  I  think  that  you  should  specify  specific  provisions  of  the  Bill  of 
Rights. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  would  be  happy  to  specify  specific  provisions,  and 
I  refer  specifically  to  the  first  and  the  fifth  amendments  which  con- 
stitute basic  components  of  the  Bill  of  Rights,  as  I  am  sure  that  Mr. 
Willis  knows. 

The  Chairman.  Will  you  go  ahead,  Mr.  Tavenner? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Actually,  Dr.  Aptheker,  I  have  asked  one  or  more 
witnesses  whether  or  not  the  activities  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis 
was  not  a  continuation  of  the  same  type  of  activity  in  which  the  Jeffer- 
son School  of  Social  Science  was  engaged,  and  the  Faculty  of  Social 
Science.  They  refused  to  answer  the  question.  That  is  why  it  is  per- 
tinent here  now  to  inquire  from  you,  whether  or  not  you  were  associ- 


82  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT    OF    195  0 

ated  with  those  groups,  and  whether  or  not  you  know  that  there  was 
a  relationship  in  the  objectives  of  the  two. 

So  again,  naving  made  that  explanation,  I  would  like  to  ask  you 
whether  or  not  you  were  connected  with  the  Jefferson  School  of  Social 
Science? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  have  already  stated  that  I  was  in  no  way  con- 
nected with  the  organization  of  the  Fund,  which  is  what  we  are  sup- 
posed to  be  inquiring  about.  Since  I  was  in  no  way  associated  with 
the  Fund  and  that  is  the  purpose  of  this  inquiry,  what  possible  differ- 
ence can  it  make  as  to  whether  I  was  associated  with  this  school  or 
that  school  or  with  this  club  or  that  club  or  this  church  or  that  church  ? 

I  respectfully,  therefore,  decline  to  answer  the  question  again  as 
being  in  my  opinion  irrelevant,  and  I  invoke  again  the  first  and  the 
fifth  amendments  to  the  Constitution. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  connected  with  the  Faculty  of  Social  Sci- 
ence as  a  teacher  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  have  already  answered  that  question  and  I  will 
again,  by  saying  that  it  is  irrelevant  and  on  the  basis  of  the  first  and 
fifth  amendments  I  will  not  cover  myself  with  shame  by  answering  it. 

The  Chairman.  You  don't  mean  by  answering  it,  you  mean  by  ad- 
mitting it,  do  you  not  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  No,  sir ;  if  I  meant  admitting  it,  I  would  have  said 
that. 

TheCHAmMAN.  Go  ahead. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  you  a  director  of  the  Faculty  of  Social  Sci- 
ence? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  My  answer  is  the  same,  and  is  it  necessary  for  me 
to  repeat  the  entire  phraseology  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  No,  it  is  not ;  if  you  say  "on  the  same  grounds,"  I 
think  that  the  chairman  will  accept  that. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Thank  you. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  refuse  on  the  same  grounds  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Yes,  sir ;  I  do. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  offer  in  evidence  a  document  entitled  "Loft  Lease," 
and  it  bears  at  the  end  of  it  the  signature  of  Herbert  Aptheker,  for  the 
Faculty  of  Social  Science.  I  desire  to  hand  you  that  document.  I 
offer  it  in  evidence  and  I  ask  that  it  be  marked  "Aptheker  Exliibit 
No.  4." 

Will  you  examine  it  and  state  whether  or  not  that  is  a  copy  of  the 
lease  for  the  quarters  of  the  school,  the  Faculty  of  Social  Science? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  see  no  relevance  to  this  to  today's  inquiry  and 
my  subpena,  and  therefore,  and  also  on  the  basis  of  the  first  and 
fifth  amendments,  I  decline  to  reply  to  your  question. 

(Document  marked  "Aptheker  Exliibit  No.  4"  and  retained  in  com- 
mittee files.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Was  the  Faculty  of  Social  Science  found  by  the 
Subversive  Activities  Control  Board  to  be  a  Communist-controlled 
school  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  meant  the  Jefferson  School  of  Social  Science. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVTTIES   CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950  83 

Mr.  Apthekek.  On  the  grounds  already  stated,  I  refuse  to  reply 
to  questions  about  schools. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  When  were  you  last  granted  a  passport  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  am  not  absolutely  sure  of  the  date,  but  it  was 
quite  recently. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  believe  there  was  one  issued  to  you  on  December 
10,  1958. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Well,  I  think  that  there  was  one  granted  more 
recently  than  that,  sir. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  travel  on  the  passport  that  was  granted  you 
in  December  of  1958  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Really,  on  the  grounds  of  what  relevancy  this  has  to 
do  with  the  inquiry,  on  that  basis  I  decline  to  pursue  this  kind  of 
discussion,  and  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  of  irrelevancy  and 
the  first  and  fifth  amendments  to  the  Constitution. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  meet  with  any  officials  of  the  Communist 
Party  while  you  were  engaged  in  travel  imder  this  passport  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds  just 
stated. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  It  is  noted  that  there  are  three  questions  on  the 
passport  application,  all  of  which  were  unanswered,  relating  to  your 
present,  or  then  present,  membership  in  the  Communist  Party  and 
your  past  membership. 

Why  did  you  refuse  to  answer  those  questions  ? 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  decline  to  reply  to  that.  You  observe  that  the 
passport  was  granted. 

(Document  marked  "Aptheker  Exhibit  No.  5"  and  retained  in 
committee  files.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  have  no  further  questions,  Mr.  Chairman. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  May  I  ask  something  here  ? 

Do  I  imderstand  from  this,  that  when  you  were  asking  Dr.  Moore 
and  Mr.  Magdoff  what  I  thought  was  some  sort  of  biting  inference 
about  the  qualifications  of  Dr.  Aptheker  for  the  scholarly  grant,  that 
you  had  no  biting  inferences,  and  that  you  admit  to  the  scholarly  rea- 
sons for  making  such  a  grant  to  me  ? 

The  Chairman.  All  we  admit  is  that  the  grant  was  made  to  you 
by  a  committee,  and  that  is  all  we  admit. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Why  is  it,  sir,  that  you  haven't  asked  me  about 
scholarly  requirements? 

The  Chairman.  We  are. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  Is  that  not  why  I  was  subpenaed  ? 

The  Chairman.  Is  there  anything  further,  Mr.  Tavenner  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Aptheker.  I  brought  my  books  and  writings,  and  there  is  ap- 
parently no  interest  in  what  somebody  writes. 

The  Chairman.  The  committee  stands  adjourned. 

(Whereupon,  at  3 :45  p.m.,  Wednesday,  May  31, 1961,  the  committee 
was  recessed,  subject  to  call.) 


84  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

Apthekkb  Exhibit  No.  3 

[Vol.    XXXVIII,    No.    6,    June,    1959.     Political    Affairs— A    Theoretical    and    Political 
Magazine  of  Scientific  Socialism..     Editor:  Herbert  Aptheker] 

On  Pabty  Youth  Wokk* 
By  Hyman  Lumer 

lu  the  momeutous  struggle  for  peace,  democracy  and  social  progress  taking 
place  today,  the  youth  of  our  country  occupy  a  uniquely  important  position. 
Hence  they  are  a  vital  element  of  the  mass  base  of  any  working-class  or 
socialist  organization,  not  least  of  the  Communist  Party.  The  Party  cannot 
wage  successfully  the  fight  for  progress  and  socialism  without  striving  to  win 
a  solid  base  among  the  youth,  and  without  a  continual  influx  of  young  people 
into  its  ranks. 

The  dissolution  of  the  Labor  Youth  League  and  the  subsequent  abandonment 
of  attention  to  youth  work  were  among  the  worst  consequences  of  the  crisis 
through  which  the  Party  has  just  passed.  For  a  considerable  period  of  time, 
there  has  been  a  virtually  complete  void  in  this  field  of  activity — a  void  which 
is  only  now  beginning  to  be  filled.  For  this  serious  lag,  the  Party  leadership 
at  all  levels  must  accept  full  responsibility. 

Today  there  are  mounting  indications  of  a  revival  of  the  mass  youth  move- 
ment, and  with  this  of  a  growing  interest  of  young  people  in  progressive  and 
Communist  vievt's,  as  well  as  in  the  lands  of  socialism.  Accompanying  these 
developments,  there  has  been  a  growth  of  mass  activity  among  Party  youth, 
and  a  growing  interest  in  and  movement  towards  the  re-establishment  of  a 
Marxist  youth  organization.  Much  of  the  discussion  on  youth  organization, 
however,  has  been  unrelated  to  current  mass  struggles  and  developments  in 
the  mass  youth  movement,  and  therefore  has  tended  to  be  rather  abstract.  This 
is  indicative  of  the  continued  isolation  of  the  bulk  of  the  youth  in  and  around 
the  Party  from  most  of  these  experiences. 

What  is  required  at  this  jpoint  is  an  examination  of  the  status  of  the  youth 
movement  and  of  youth  work  generally,  and  the  working  out  of  a  Party  policy 
and  program  in  this  field.  The  specific  problems  of  youth  organization  need  to  be 
viewed  in  relation  to  this  over-all  picture.  This  report  undertakes  to  deal  with 
these  questions.  It  is,  however,  in  no  sense  exhaustive  or  final ;  in  particular,  it 
makes  no  effort  to  present  the  kind  of  detailed  study  and  analysis  of  attitudes, 
activities  and  trends  among  American  youth  which  a  full  examination  of  youth 
work  requires.     This  still  remains  to  be  done. 

PEOBLEMS   OF  YOUTH 

It  is  necessary,  in  the  first  place,  to  consider  the  specific  nature  of  the  problems 
of  youth  today.  For,  even  though  in  a  capitalist  society  these  remain  basically 
the  same,  they  have  undergone  a  number  of  significant  changes  since  the  thirties 
and  the  days  of  World  War  II.     Here  we  can  only  touch  on  some  of  them. 

For  one  thing,  there  has  been  a  considerable  rise  in  the  proportion  of  youth 
attending  school  beyond  the  age  of  16.  From  1920  to  1950,  the  proportion  of  16 
year-old  youth  in  school  rose  from  51%  to  81%,  of  17  year-olds  from  35%  to  68%, 
of  18  year-olds  from  22%  to  40%,  and  of  20  year-olds  from  8%  to  18%.  Since 
1950,  there  has  been  a  further  marked  increase.  This  means  that  student  youth 
today  comprise  a  much  larger  part  of  the  total  youth  population  than  they  did 
20  or  30  years  ago,  and  that  their  problems  assume  correspondingly  greater 
weight  in  the  total  picture. 

At  the  same  time,  a  large  part  of  the  teen-age  youth,  both  in  and  out  of  school, 
are  employed  or  seeking  work,  whether  full-time  or  part-time.  In  October, 
1956,  for  example,  some  2i/4  million  in  the  14-17  year  age  group  had  jobs — one- 
fourth  of  the  total  population  in  this  age  range.  The  main  reason  for  their 
working  is  poverty.  About  9l^  million  children  in  1955  came  from  families 
whose  cash  income  was  less  than  $40  a  week,  2i/^  million  of  them  from  families 
with  a  cash  income  below  $10  a  week.  Some  700,000  were  employed  in  agricul- 
ture, many  along  with  their  parents  as  migrant  farm  laborers. 

This  economic  situation  has  not  improved  within  the  past  few  years.  If  there 
should  be  less  teen-age  youngsters  employed  today,  it  is  not  because  their  need  is 
less  but  because  there  are  less  jobs.     Indeed,  it  is  the  youth  who  have  been 


♦This  article  is  based  upon  a  Report  presented  to  the  National  Committee,  CPUSA,  on 
April  26,  1959.     The  Report,  and  its  proposals,  were  adopted  unanimously. — Ed. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  85 

hardest  hit  by  the  recent  growth  of  unemployment.  In  the  147-17  year  age 
group,  the  rate  of  joblessness  in  February,  1959  was  15%  and  that  in  the  18-24 
year  age  group  14%  as  against  a  national  average  of  7%.  In  the  distressed 
areas — in  cities  like  Detroit,  Buffalo,  Pittsburgh  and  many  others,  where  chronic 
unemployment  is  rampant — the  rate  among  young  people  is  far  higher  than  in 
the  nation  as  a  whole.  For  in  these  areas,  because  of  seniority  provisions  in 
union  contracts,  it  is  only  the  older  workers  with  many  years  of  seniority  who 
can  count  on  having  work. 

In  the  under-20  age  groups,  the  rate  of  joblessness  remains  much  above  average 
even  in  periods  of  peak  employment.  Here,  among  other  things,  there  exist 
major  problems  of  inadequate  or  perverted  vocational  guidance  and  job  place- 
ment facilities,  as  well  as  the  absence  of  suitable  measures  for  helping  to  as- 
sure employment  in  decent  jobs  for  young  people  entering  the  labor  market. 

Among  Negro  workers,  the  rate  of  unemployment  as  given  by  the  official 
figures  is  more  than  double  that  among  white  workers.  In  many  of  the  larger 
industrial  centers,  it  ranges  as  high  as  20-25%.  Hence  among  Negro  youth,  if 
the  age-group  ratios  characteristic  of  the  nation  as  a  whole  are  valid,  unemploy- 
ment ranges  from  about  30%  to  as  much  as  50%.  This  is  truly  a  problem  of 
alarming  proportions — and  a  much  neglected  problem  on  our  part. 

Today,  the  problem  of  jobs  is  once  more  coming  to  the  fore  among  American 
youth.  Not  only  among  Negro  youth,  but  in  the  distressed  areas  among  youth 
generally,  the  problem  is  already  acute.  And  the  effects  of  unemployment  are 
more  severe  today  than  in  periods  like  the  thirties,  for  their  has  taken  place  a 
lowering  of  the  average  age  of  marriage,  and  in  the  present  period  many  more 
young  adults  are  married  people  with  families  and  with  economic  problems  ap- 
proximately those  of  adults  rather  than  of  youth.  In  addition,  large  sections 
of  the  unemployed  youth,  entering  the  labor  market  for  the  first  time,  are 
totally  ineligible  for  unemployment  compensation. 

Another  serious  problem  is  the  deepening  crisis  in  education.  To  be  sure,  a 
very  critical  situation  developed  during  the  depression  of  the  thirties,  but 
what  is  particularly  noteworthy  about  the  crisis  today  is  its  growth  during  a 
period  of  relative  prosperity.  In  this  respect,  it  offers  a  striking  testimonial  to 
the  inability  of  modern  American  capitalism,  which  can  "afford"  not  only  some 
40-odd  billions  for  armaments  but  clamors  for  still  more,  to  provide  an  educational 
system  at  all  adequate  for  the  needs  of  our  youth. 

There  exists  today,  says  Senator  James  E.  Murray  of  Montana,  a  shortage 
of  140,000  classrooms  and  135,000  teachers.  The  shortage  is  growing,  not  shrink- 
ing, while  Federal  aid  to  education  kicks  around  in  Congress  year  after  year 
and  gets  nowhere.  And  in  our  colleges  and  universities,  tuition  fees,  already 
at  astronomical  levels,  continue  to  go  up  amid  anguished  complaints  of  college 
administrators  that  even  such  fees  fall  far  short  of  meeting  their  financial 
needs. 

Nor  does  the  existing  system  of  scholarships  meet  the  problem,  for  these 
go  not  to  working-class  youth  but  mainly  to  those  of  middle-class  families. 
A  recent  survey  covering  200  colleges  shows  that  the  average  yearly  income  of 
families  of  scholarship  recipients  is  $7,500,  as  against  a  national  average  of 
$5,000.  One-third  had  incomes  exceeding  $8,000  a  year.  According  to  Rexford 
G.  Moon,  Jr.,  director  of  the  College  Scholarship  Service,  the  nation  is  now  being 
deprived  of  the  talents  of  1.50,000  able  youth  each  year  from  the  low-income 
groups. 

The  deterioration  of  our  educational  system  has  been  proceeding  over  a 
period  of  many  years.  But  since  the  advent  of  Sputnik  and  the  opening  of  the 
eyes  of  many  Americans  to  the  remarkable  accomplishments  of  the  Soviet 
educational  system,  it  stands  out  more  glaringly  than  ever. 

As  for  the  segregated  educational  facilities  available  to  Negro  youth,  so 
flagrant  a  national  scandal  have  these  become  that  it  is  scarcely  necessary 
here  to  dwell  on  their  gross  Inferiority  not  only  in  the  South,  but  in  the  North 
as  well.  But  what  should  be  noted  is  that  if  a  general  process  of  deterioration  is 
going  on,  this  process  is  all  the  more  pronounced  in  the  facilities  for  Negro 
students.  Such,  in  brief,  are  some  of  the  main  problems  facing  American  youth 
today.  There  are,  of  course,  other  important  problems,  not  least  among  them 
the  persistent  plague  of  juvenile  delinquency.  We  shall  not,  however,  attempt 
to  deal  with  these  here. 


86  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

STATUS  OF  YOUTH   MOVEMENT 

The  depression  of  the  thirties  witnessed  a  tremendous  democratic  upsurge  of 
the  youth  and  the  development  of  a  movement  of  great  breadth  and  power — a 
movement  extending  through  the  thirties  and  into  the  war  years.  It  was  during 
the  thirties,  a  period  when  the  working  class  was  on  the  move  and  organized 
labor  made  great  strides  forward  with  the  formation  of  the  CIO,  that  there  came 
into  being  the  American  Youth  Congress,  a  federation  whose  component  organiza- 
tions in  1938  numbered  no  less  than  11  million  members. 

It  was  during  this  period,  too,  that  the  Young  Communist  League  blossomed 
forth,  growing  from  3,000  members  in  1933  to  22,000  in  1939.  The  YCL  was  an 
influential  force  in  the  mass  youth  movement.  Outstanding  among  its  accom- 
plishments was  its  leadership  in  the  winning  of  the  American  Youth  Congress 
from  the  control  of  the  pro-fascist  elements  who  initiated  it  for  their  own  ends, 
and  its  conversion  into  a  mass  democratic  organization.  The  upsurge  of  the 
thirties  included  the  South,  where  it  was  reflected,  among  other  things,  in  the 
emergence  of  the  Southern  Negro  Youth  Congress. 

The  postwar  period — the  years  of  cold  war  and  McCarthyism,  as  well  as  of 
relative  prosperity — saw  a  sharp  decline  in  the  youth  movement.  In  1953, 
according  to  a  study  by  the  National  Social  Welfare  Agency,  less  than  1% 
of  young  adults  (and  these  predominantly  middle-class)  were  reached  by  the 
educational  programs  of  the  major  youth  organizations.  The  main  reasons 
given  for  lack  of  interest  were  preoccupation  with  personal  problems  and  the 
negative  impact  of  the  then  prevailing  atmosphere.  Among  teen  agers,  organized 
activities  were  very  largely  reduced  to  the  "keep  them  out  of  trouble"  level, 
although  a  minimal  amount  of  struggle  continued  through  such  organizations  as 
YMCA,  YWCA  and  NAACP  youth  groups,  and  there  were  expressions  of  opposi- 
tion to  war  and  the  draft. 

But  today  a  fresh  upsurge  is  beginning  to  take  place  in  the  youth  movement — 
an  upsurge  of  which  the  evidences  are  rapidly  multiplying.  American  youth  is 
once  more  on  the  move,  and  not  in  the  direction  of  the  Beatniks  but  in  that  of 
social  awareness  and  struggle. 

Of  this,  the  most  conspicuous  evidence  is  the  movement  which  has  developed 
around  the  Youth  March  on  Washington.  The  outpouring  of  more  than  26,000 
young  people,  both  Negro  and  white,  in  Washington  on  April  IS,  together  with 
the  collection  of  some  400,000  signatures  on  petitions,  constitutes  an  unmistake- 
able  demonstration  of  the  tremendous  interest  of  American  youth  in  the  momen- 
tous struggle.  But  what  is  even  more  significant  is  the  widespread  interest  in 
moving  toward  some  permanent  form  of  mass  organization  of  youth  in  this  field 
of  action.  For  what  the  enormous  response  to  the  March  indicates  above  all  is 
the  extensive  pressure  for  united,  organized  movement  and  activity  of  Negro  and 
white  youth  against  discrimination  and  segregation,  and  in  defense  of  the 
Constitution. 

A  second  area  of  wide  and  growing  youth  activity  is  the  peace  movement. 
Throughout  the  country,  large  numbers  of  young  people  are  today  involved  in 
such  activities  through  a  variety  of  religious  and  pacifist  organizations — 
through  the  Friends,  the  Fellowship  of  Reconciliation,  church  groups,  and  such 
organizations  as  the  Committee  for  a  Sane  Nuclear  Policy,  And  on  many  college 
campuses,  student  or  student-faculty  committees  have  been  formed  to  fight  for 
an  end  to  nuclear  tests  and  the  outlawing  of  nuclear  weapons.  These  activities 
are  as  yet  scattered  and  uncoordinated — a  feature  of  the  peace  movement  as  a 
whole — and  the  Left  generally  is  imfortunately  still  remote  from  them.  But 
they  are  clearly  indicative  of  the  potentialities  for  the  building  of  a  powerful 
mass  youth  movement  for  peace, 

A  third  area,  of  increasingly  acute  concern,  is  the  rise  in  unemployment.  This 
situation  has  not  spontaneously  produced  an  organized  movement  of  unemployed 
youth,  nor,  if  left  to  itself,  is  it  likely  to  do  so.  On  the  contrary,  such  young 
people,  unfamiliar  with  the  role  and  history  of  the  labor  movement,  all  too  easily 
fall  prey  to  anti-labor  propaganda  and  are  led  to  blame  their  plight  on  the 
unions.  To  such  an  extent  has  anti-union  propaganda  been  effective  among 
these  young  people  that  the  United  Steelworkers  recently  was  impelled  to  issue 
a  pamphlet  addressed  to  high  school  youth,  undertaking  to  explain  the  real 
nature  of  the  union. 

There  is  no  doubt,  however,  that  given  a  program  to  fight  for,  the  growing 
numbers  of  youth  finding  themselves,  with  no  prospects  of  secure  employment, 
will  respond.     In  the  thirties,  the  fight  for  a  National  Youth  Act,  one  of  the 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  87 

main  activities  of  the  American  Youth  Congress,  offered  such  a  rallying  point. 
Today,  the  fight  for  a  new  National  Youth  Act,  providing  aid  in  education,  voca- 
tional training  and  securing  employment,  unemployed  benefits  for  young  people 
entering  the  labor  market  and  unable  to  find  worlv,  as  well  as  other  forms  of 
assistance,  would  similarly  serve  as  a  basis  for  rallying  youth  iu  a  mass  move- 
ment for  jobs. 

Still  another  indication  of  a  new  spirit  among  youth  is  the  intense  interest  in 
the  World  Youth  Festival  to  be  held  in  Vienna  this  summer.  From  all  indications, 
it  appears  that  a  bar  broader  and  more  representative  American  delegation  will 
go  to  this  Festival  than  has  gone  to  any  previous  one.  And  such  a  delegation, 
on  its  return,  is  bound  to  have  a  strong  impact  in  this  country. 

All  these  developments  are  beginning  to  have  an  effect  on  some  of  the  existing 
national  youth  organizations.  These  have  functioned  chiefly  as  service  organiza- 
tions, providing  recreational,  cultural  and  educational  activities  of  various 
kinds.  Today,  however,  there  are  signs  of  change.  A  noteworthy  instance 
is  the  endorsement  and  active  support  of  the  Youth  March  by  such  conservative 
organizations  as  the  National  Student  Association  and  the  American  Christian 
Youth  Movement. 

We  shall  not  attempt  here  to  make  a  detailed  analysis  and  estimate  of  these 
various  movements  and  currents  among  youth.  At  this  juncture,  we  wish  only 
to  point  to  the  vital  importance  of  the  initiative  and  participation  of  the  Left 
for  their  future  development. 

The  resurgence  of  the  youth  movement  now  in  process  represents  the  begin- 
nings of  a  new  awakening  of  a  mass  of  American  youth  poisoned  for  the  past 
decade  by  cold-war  propaganda,  intimidated  into  silence  and  a  deadening  con- 
formity by  the  onslaughts  of  McCarthyism  and  corrupted  by  a  period  of  relative 
prosperity  to  the  philosophy  of  "getting  it  while  the  getting's  good."  The 
mounting  struggle  for  Negro  freedom,  the  continued  threat  of  war  and  the  dis- 
ruption of  their  lives  by  the  draft  (now  continued  for  another  4  years),  the 
increasingly  acute  problem  of  jobs,  the  crisis  in  education — all  these  are  con- 
tributing to  a  growing  awareness  and  concern  about  social  issues  among  widen- 
ing sections  of  young  people. 

But  this  spontaneous  movement,  left  to  itself,  can  develop  only  in  a  limited, 
halting  way.  Without  doubt,  the  political  and  organizational  initiative  of  the 
Left  will  contribute  greatly  toward  giving  life  and  direction  to  the  underlying 
sentiments  impelling  youth  to  action  and  transforming  them  into  organized 
struggle.  It  is  such  initiative,  for  example,  which  is  needed  to  realize  the  de- 
velopment of  a  coordinated  peace  movement  among  youth,  capable  of  mass  action 
on  a  national  scale.  And  it  is  such  initiative  which  is  essential  to  the  emer- 
gence of  an  organized  struggle  for  jobs. 

PAETY    RESPONSIBILITY 

The  Party  in  particular  has  an  obligation  to  be  active  in  all  democratic 
movements.  It  must  become  thoroughly  involved  in  them,  helping  to  give  them 
direction  and  vitality,  and  putting  forth  its  own  independent  position.  Unfor- 
tunately, however,  we  have  with  some  exceptions  remained  largely  isolated  and 
apart  from  them.  What  is  needed  today  is  to  plunge  the  Party's  forces  un- 
stintingly  into  these  mass  activities  and  into  tackling  the  problems  entailed  in 
their  further  development.  It  is  in  the  mass  movements  and  struggles  of  the 
youth  that  the  basis  lies  for  organized  youth  activity  in  our  ranks  and  for  the 
building  of  progressive  youth  organizations.  Indeed,  these  broad  activities  which 
are  now  developing  have  already  given  new  life  to  youth  groups  in  and  around 
the  Party,  groups  which  had  previously  been  drifting  and  inactive. 

Above  all,  the  Party,  as  a  party  of  the  working  class,  representing  the  in- 
terests of  all  working  people,  should  be  in  the  forefront  of  such  struggles.  It  is 
necessary  particularly  to  emphasize  the  fact  that  youth  work  is  the  responsibility 
not  of  the  Party  youth  alone  but  of  the  Party  as  a  whole.  For  it  is  not  youth 
alone  who  are  involved  in  the  mass  struggles  for  the  demands  and  needs  of 
youth.  Rather,  adult  initiative  and  leadership  are  essential  features  of  such 
struggles,  and  in  certain  areas — the  fight  for  better  schools,  for  example — the 
movements  are  primarily  movements  of  adult  groups  and  organizations. 

We  must  therefore  put  an  end  to  the  erroneous  tendency  to  equate  youth 
work  with  the  work  of  the  youth  alone,  which  has  too  often  characterized  our 
approach  in  the  past.  On  the  contrary,  it  must  be  regarded  as  the  task  of  the 
entire  Party,  and  the  necessary  program  and  organizational  apparatus  must  be 
established  for  carrying  it  on. 


88  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

On  the  other  side  of  the  coin  is  the  winning  of  youth  itself  as  an  ally  of  labor 
and  progressive  forces.  Here  we  come  to  the  question  of  youth  activity  and 
organization  as  such,  and  to  the  problem  of  filling  the  void  which  today  exists 
in  this  aspect  of  youth  worli. 

The  Party  has  talien  some  initial  steps,  though  admittedly  very  Inadequate 
ones  as  yet,  toward  dealing  with  these  responsibilities.  Nevertheless,  it  must 
be  said  that  the  Party  as  a  whole  is  still  lagging  very  seriously  in  tackling  these 
questions. 

STATUS    OF    LEFT    YOUTH    ORGANIZATION 

The  dissolution  of  the  LYL  left  a  chaotic  situation.  The  bulk  of  its  member- 
ship  was  dispersed.  Some  sought  an  alternative  in  the  Trotskyite  Socialist  Youth 
Alliance,  but  with  few  exceptions  these  soon  discovered  the  impossibility  of 
working  with  Trotskyites  and  left  these  groups.  A  number  formed  independent, 
unguided  study  groups,  whose  studies  were  a  veritable  hodge-podge,  embracing 
such  subjects  as  existentialism,  Titoism  and  Freudianism. 

Among  the  Party  youth  in  the  LYL,  some  found  their  way  into  various  Party 
clubs  and  into  other  fields  of  Party  activity.  Others,  fewer  in  number,  were 
organized  into  Party  youth  clubs.  Still  others  left  the  Party  and  political 
activity,  though  some  of  these  have  remained  as  study  groups,  in  some  cases 
hostile  to  the  Party.  In  one  state  the  LYL  did  not  dissolve  but  continued 
to  exist,  though  changing  its  name  and  organizational  form. 

Today  these  exists  a  variety  of  organizational  forms,  Party  and  non-Party, 
Marxist  and  non-Marxist.  Some  districts  have  functioning  youth  commissions, 
usually  consisting  of  both  youth  and  adults.  In  a  number  of  areas  there  are 
Party  clubs.  In  some  of  these  the  membership  is  chiefly  teen-age,  but  for  the 
most  part  the  clubs  consist  of  young  adults,  many  married  and  with  families, 
and  oriented  away  from  youth  work.  Most  Party  youth,  however,  are  not  in 
youth  clubs. 

A  number  of  non-Party  Marxist  youth  groups  have  sprung  up,  chiefly  on 
college  campuses.  These,  usually  loose-knit  and  informal  in  character,  have 
been  devoted  principally  to  discussion  and  education.  An  outstanding  instance 
is  the  Student  Committee  on  Progressive  Education  (SCOPE)  in  New  York, 
which  has  organized  Marxist  classes  enrolling  over  100  students  at  a  time.  In 
fact,  there  is  generally  a  wide  and  growing  interest  in  Marxist  education  among 
youth. 

There  exist  also  a  great  variety  of  teen-age  groups  in  different  parts  of  the 
country,  generally  non-Marxist  in  character  but  under  Marxist  guidance  or 
leadership.  Some  of  these  are  choral  groups ;  one  is  built  around  a  summer 
camp ;  others  are  organized  around  other  cultural  or  social  activities.  In  vary- 
ing degrees,  they  participate  in  political  struggles — today  to  a  wide  extent  in 
the  Youth  March.  In  one  area,  there  is  a  pre-teen  group  consisting  of  youngsters 
11-12  years  of  age. 

In  all  of  this  profusion  of  groups  and  organizations,  there  exists  little  or  no 
coordination,  and  no  over-all  program  of  youth  work  as  a  guide  to  activity. 
There  are,  to  be  sure,  the  beginnings  of  a  youth  page  in  the  Worker,  but  this  is 
as  yet  highly  inadequate  in  content  and  scope.  And  there  is  a  great  diversity 
of  opinions  as  to  the  direction  which  the  progressive  youth  movement  should 
take. 

Other  Left  youth  organizations  remain,  on  the  whole,  comparatively  small  and 
uninfluential.  The  Trotskyite  Young  Socialist  Alliance,  which  has  paraded  itself 
as  a  "united"  youth  organization  and  still  publishes  a  newspaper,  has  only  a 
handful  of  followers  and  has  succeeded  in  obtaining  a  footing  only  on  a  few  col- 
lege campuses.  For  the  most  part,  those  attracted  by  it  were  soon  repelled, 
some  to  become  completely  disillusioned  and  to  drop  out  of  political  activity. 

The  YPSL,  following  the  entrance  of  a  group  of  Schachtmanite  youth  after  the 
merger  of  the  Schachtman  group  with  the  Socialist  Party  last  year,  has  become 
very  active  in  a  number  of  areas  and  has  begun  to  issue  a  newspaper,  the 
Challenge.    But  its  total  membership  and  influence  is  small. 

THE  QUESTION  OF  A  YOUTH  ORGANIZATION 

During  the  past  year,  considerable  debate  and  activity  have  developed  in  re- 
lation to  the  question  of  reestablishment  of  a  national  Marxist  youth  organiza- 
tion, a  question  on  which  there  exists  a  considerable  divergence  of  opinion 
among  the  youth. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES   CONTROL   ACT   OF    1960  89 

One  section,  consisting  of  Party  youth,  opposes  the  setting  up  of  such  an 
organization,  maintaining  that  the  work  of  Party  youth  should  be  carried  on 
within  the  Party  through  an  organizational  apparatus  based  on  Party  youth 
clubs  and  possibly  a  youth  division.  If  a  national  youth  organization  is  to  be 
formed  at  all,  it  should  be  of  a  broader,  non-Marxist  character.  Such  views 
are  prevalent  among  young  adults,  who  see  their  future  worls  as  lying  within 
the  Patty,  as  well  as  among  a  section  of  the  teen-agers  who  are  actively  in- 
volved in  non-Marxist  teen-age  organizations  and  do  not  see  these  becoming  part 
of  a  Marxist  organization. 

At  the  other  extreme  is  a  group  which  advocates  the  immediate  formation  of 
what  they  term  a  Marxist-Leninist  youth  organization,  whose  membership 
would  be  limited  to  those  professing  adherence  to  Marxist-Leninist  principles — 
in  short,  a  vanguard  organization  patterned  pretty  much  after  the  Communist 
Party.  A  third  section  supports  the  formation  of  a  Marxist  type  of  youth 
organization,  but  believes  it  should  be  much  broader  in  character,  embracing 
not  only  youth  in  and  close  to  the  Party  but  a  wider  body  of  socialist-minded, 
Marxist-oriented  youth  as  well.  It  is  worth  noting  that  the  main,  though  by  no 
means  the  only  pressure  for  the  formation  of  a  Marxist  youth  organization  of 
one  kind  or  another  comes  from  student  groups. 

These  questions  are,  of  course,  of  no  small  interest  to  the  Party  as  a  whole 
as  well  as  to  Party  youth.  For  the  path  which  is  chosen  at  this  critical  junc- 
ture can  either  sei-ve  greatly  to  advance  the  struggle  for  progress  and  socialism 
among  the  youth  or  seriously  to  set  it  back.  Efforts  to  form  a  youth  organiza- 
tion of  a  kind  for  which  there  is  actually  no  place  or  need  would  only  create 
added  obstacles  to  progress  in  this  sphere. 

In  our  opinion,  there  is  a  definite  need  for  a  socialist  youth  organization  today. 
This  need  is  underlined  and  made  increasingly  acute  by  the  revival  of  a  mass 
youth  movement,  which  more  and  more  makes  painfully  evident  the  absence  of 
any  national  youth  organization  which  fights  unyieldingly  and  unequivocally 
against  the  corruption  and  debasement  of  the  youth  by  the  American  ruling  class. 
The  youth  have  many  burning  problems — unemployment,  the  threat  of  war,  the 
high  cost  and  inadequacy  of  education,  discrimination  and  others — which 
demand  answers  that  only  a  socialist  organization  can  give.  What  is  needed 
particularly  is  a  type  of  organization  which  is  able  to  reach  out  to  the  growing 
numbers  of  youth  who,  in  the  course  of  their  struggles,  begin  to  look,  in  however 
confused  a  way,  to  socialism  as  the  answer  to  their  problems.  What  is  needed  is 
an  organization  which,  in  the  course  of  participation  in  active  struggles,  edu- 
cates such  youth  as  to  the  nature  of  socialism  and  on  developments  in  the  social- 
ist countries. 

Hence  we  should  do  everything  possible  to  encourage  those  who  seek  the 
formation  of  a  nation-wide  socialist  youth  organization,  dedicated  to  mobilizing 
the  working  and  student  youth  of  America  for  struggle  for  the  immediate  de- 
mands of  youth  and  to  educating  young  people  in  the  spirit  of  socialism.  And  we 
should  support  those  who,  in  seeking  to  form  such  an  organization,  are  guided 
by  the  following  principles : 

1.  The  organization  should  be  broad  in  its  popular  appeal  and  should  seek  to 
establish  united  front  relations  and  activities  with  other  youth  organizations  of  a 
progressive  character. 

2.  Its  principles  of  organization  should  be  broad,  flexible  and  democratic. 
It  should  admit  into  its  ranks  both  Communist  youth  and  other  Marxist- 
oriented  and  progressive  young  people  who  are  interested  and  wish  to  participate 
in  any  of  its  activities  and  in  learning  about  its  program  and  teachings. 

3.  It  should  be  based  on  solidarity  and  cooperation  with  a)  all  struggles  of 
the  American  working  class  for  its  economic  interests  and  its  democratic  and 
trade  union  rights,  b)  all  struggles  of  the  Negro  people  for  full  equality  and 
the  eradication  of  all  forms  of  racism  and  discrimination.  It  shoud  be  devoted  to 
militant  struggle  to  safeguard  and  extend  constitutional  liberties  and  the  pro- 
gressive democratic  traditions  of  our  country. 

4.  It  should  maintain  friendly,  cooperative  relations  with  organizations  of  the 
working  class,  including  its  Marxist  vanguard. 

5.  It  should  have  a  positive  attitude  to  the  socialist  countries,  and  should  work 
for  East-West  friendship.  It  should  also  have  a  positive  attitude  to  and  seek 
the  closest  fraternal  relations  with  the  socialist  and  progressive  youth  organiza- 
tions of  other  countries. 

6.  It  should  be  based  on  solidarity  and  friendship  with  peoples  throughout  the 
world  and  support  for  all  people's  struggles  for  independence  and  liberation 
from  imperialist  domination. 


90  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES   CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950 

These  ideas,  it  should  be  noted,  are  not  new.  These  are  the  kind  of  principles 
on  which  socialist  youth  organization  has  been  based  on  past  occasions.  We 
believe  they  are  valid  for  today.  What  is  needed,  of  course,  is  a  much  fuller 
study  of  the  history  of  past  youth  organizations,  and  the  lessons  to  be  learned 
from  their  experiences.  Such  a  study  will  no  doubt  be  made  by  those  concerned 
with  the  problems  of  establishing  a  new  organization. 

We  cannot  accept  the  premises  of  the  "Call  to  Youth"  which  appeared  in 
Political  Affairs  for  April,  1958,  as  the  basis  for  forming  a  youth  organization. 
To  be  sure,  it  represents  an  initiative  at  a  time  when  there  was  considerable 
ideological  controversy  in  our  ranks  and  when  the  Party  was  almost  totally 
inactive  in  this  field.  And  no  doubt  its  authors  were  on  the  whole  motivated 
by  a  sincere  desire  to  stimulate  discussion  and  action  on  the  youth  question 
Nevertheless,  we  cannot  agree  with  its  approach.  For  one  thing,  the  "Call" 
displays  a  very  negative  approach  to  both  the  working  class  and  youth  in  this 
country,  picturing  both  simply  as  being  extremely  backward  and  corrupted, 
and  failing  to  make  a  realistic,  balanced  evaluation  of  their  attitudes  and 
ideological  status.  It  likewise  deals  with  the  question  of  youth  organization 
in  abstraction  from  the  mass  developments  among  youth.  It  confines  itself 
to  presenting  what  its  authors  consider  a  summary  of  Marxist-Leninist  princi- 
ples, presumably  addressed  to  those  youth  prepared  to  accept  these  principles, 
of  whom,  apparently,  the  proposed  organization  is  to  consist.  Finally,  the  "Call" 
presents  a  negative,  distrustful  attitude  to  the  Party  and  its  leadership.  The 
latter,  it  is  implied,  remains  tinted  with  revisionism ;  hence  a  youth  organiza- 
tion is  needed  whose  role  is  evidently  to  be  the  defense  of  Marxist-Leninist 
principles. 

To  attempt  to  establish  a  narrowly-conceived,  inwardly-oriented  youth  or- 
ganization with  conditions  of  membership  virtually  the  same  as  those  of  the 
Communist  Party  would,  we  maintain,  be  a  most  serious  mistake.  Such  an 
organization  would  be  nothing  more  than  a  junior  edition  of  the  Party,  and 
its  membership  would  inevitably  consist  of  little  more  than  Party  members. 
It  would  perpetuate  and  even  increase  the  isolation  of  Party  and  Marxist  youth 
from  the  main  currents  of  movement  and  struggle. 

Above  all,  there  is  no  place  for  any  youth  organization,  let  alone  one  which 
professes  to  be  Marxist-Leninist,  which  is  based  on  mistrust  and  hostility  to 
the  Party — an  organization  whose  purpose  is  to  "correct"  the  Party,  to  make  up 
for  its  "inadequacies."  Such  an  organization  can  only  be  factional  and  anti- 
Party  in  character,  and  can  only  do  great  harm.  Those  in  our  ranks  who  seek  to 
embark  on  such  a  path  must  be  firmly  opposed  and  repudiated. 

There  is  some  thinking  to  the  effect  that  the  situation  calls  for  a  youth  organ- 
ization of  a  broader,  non-socialist  character — a  mass  democratic  organization 
uniting  youth  in  the  fight  for  peace,  jobs,  equal  rights  and  other  vital  goals. 
A  socialist  organization,  it  is  argued,  would  be  too  narrow  in  scope  and  would 
limit  the  effective  mobilization  of  the  masses  of  youth  in  these  decisive  struggles. 

We  feel,  however,  that  whatever  else  may  emerge,  there  is  a  place  and  need 
for  a  socialist  youth  organization.  This  does  not  preclude  the  formation  of 
other  progressive  youth  organizations  or  of  united  front  movements  of  very 
broad  scope.  On  the  contrary,  the  existence  of  a  socialist  youth  organization 
is  important  to  these  developments. 

Between  the  conception  of  an  organization  and  its  realization  lies  a  considera- 
ble gap.  It  is  not  so  difficult  to  work  our  ideas  as  to  what  sort  of  organization 
ought  to  exist.  It  is  much  more  difficult,  however,  to  bring  it  into  existence; 
this  requires  a  continuous  struggle,  particularly  against  tendencies  toward 
inner  orientation  and  sectarian  isolation  as  well  as  against  tendencies  to  obscure 
or  push  into  the  background  its  socialist  character — both  inevitably  engendered 
by  the  pressure  of  the  attacks  of  reaction. 

To  begin  with,  the  conditions  for  its  formation  must  exist  or  be  brought 
into  being.  Chief  among  them  is  the  existence  of  a  base  consisting  of  both  a 
core  of  Party  youth  and  a  substantial  body  of  non-Party,  militant,  progressive 
and  socialist-oriented  youth,  and  both  with  firm  roots  in  the  mass  movement. 
In  this  respect,  present  conditions  in  various  parts  of  the  country  are  highly 
heterogeneous.  Generally,  however,  there  appears  to  be  no  sufficient  base  for 
the  immediate  formation  of  a  national  youth  organization,  even  though  we  be- 
lieve it  is  correct  to  orientate  toward  such  an  organization.  Undoubtedly,  it 
will  be  necessary  in  working  toward  that  goal  to  pass  through  a  formative 
period,  during  which  local  committees  and  organizations  of  various  kinds  will 
appear,  permanent  or  temporary,  directed  toward  specific  areas  of  mass  work 
or  individual  campaigns. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950  91 

Out  of  these  developments  there  could  emerge,  before  long,  a  socialist  youth 
organization  on  a  national  scale,  embracing  both  Party  and  non-Party  socialist- 
oriented  youth.  It  is  possible,  too,  that  other  types  of  progressive  youth  organ- 
izations may  develop.  The  exact  nature  of  such  organizations  would  become 
clearer  in  the  course  of  youth  activity;  at  this  point,  it  is  possible  only  to 
express  an  opinion  as  to  general  orientation  and  direction. 

*  *  * 

In  conclusion,  every  effort  should  be  made  to  increase  and  widen  the  Party's 
youth  work  and  its  participation,  initiative  and  influence  in  mass  youth  move- 
ments and  campaigns.  Attention  should  be  given  in  all  districts  to  the  setting 
up  of  youth-work  commissions.  A  flexible  policy  should  be  developed  toward 
the  building  of  Party  youth  clubs  and  similar  organizational  forms.  Every 
effort  should  be  made  to  establish  a  national  apparatus  as  soon  as  possible,  and 
steps  should  be  taken  to  prepare  a  Party  program  and  perspectives  for  all 
aspects  of  youth  work,  as  well  as  an  educational  program  for  youth. 

Further,  the  Party  should  do  all  it  can  to  help  create  conditions  for  and 
support  efforts  of  youth  groups  toward  the  establishment  of  a  nation-wide 
socialist  youth  organization  along  the  general  lines  indicated  above.  It  should 
give  full  encouragement  and  support  to  the  building  of  all  kinds  of  local  youth 
organizations  and  committees,  among  them  various  interim  and  provisional 
forms  of  organization  directed  toward  the  goal  of  a  national  youth  organization. 

This  Report,  we  hope,  will  contribute  to  the  fruitful  revival  and  growth  of 
the  work  of  the  Party  among  American  youth. 


HEARINGS  RELATING  TO  H.R.  4700,  TO  AMEND  SEC- 
TION 11  OF  THE  SUBVERSIVE  ACTIVITIES  CONTROL 
ACT  OF  1950,  AS  AMENDED 

(The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis) 


WEDNESDAY,  JUNE  7,   1961 

United  States  House  of  Representatives, 

Subcommittee  of  the 
Committee  on  Un-American  Activities, 

Washington,  D.G. 
executive  session  ^ 

A  subcommittee  of  the  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities  met, 
pursuant  to  call,  at  2  p.m.,  in  room  226,  Old  House  Office  Building, 
Washington,  D.C.,  Hon.  Clyde  Doyle  presiding. 

Subcoimnittee  members:  Representatives  Morgan  M.  Moulder,  of 
Missouri,  chairman  of  the  subcommittee ;  Clyde  Doyle,  of  California ; 
and  August  E.  Johansen,  of  Michigan. 

Committee  members  present :  Representatives  Clyde  Doyle,  presid- 
ing; August  E.  Johansen;  and  Gordon  H.  Scherer,  of  Ohio. 

Staff  members  present :  Frank  S.  Tavenner,  Jr.,  director ;  John  C. 
Walsh,  co-counsel ;  and  Donald  T.  Appell,  investigator. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Let  there  be  inserted  at  this  point  in  the  record  the 
appointment  of  the  subcommittee. 

(The  document  referred  to  follows :) 

June  1,  1961. 
To  Mr.  Frank  S.  Tavenner,  Jr., 
Director,  House  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities: 

Pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  tlie  law  and  the  Rules  of  this  Committee,  I 
hereby  appoint  a  subcommittee  of  the  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities, 
consisting  of  Honorable  Morgan  M.  Moulder  as  Chairman,  and  Honorable  Clyde 
Doyle  and  Honorable  August  Johansen  as  associate  members,  to  conduct  hear- 
ings in  Washington,  D.C.,  beginning  on  the  1st  day  of  June  1961,  on  H.R.  4700, 
and  other  subjects  under  investigation  by  the  committee,  and  take  such  testimony 
on  said  day  or  succeeding  days  as  it  may  deem  necessary. 

Please  make  this  action  a  matter  of  committee  record. 

If  any  member  indicates  his  inability  to  serve,  please  notify  me. 

Given  under  my  hand  this  1st  day  of  June,  1961. 

(S)    Francis  E.  Walter, 
Francis  E.  Walter, 
Chairman,  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities. 

Mr.  Doyle.  The  subcommittee  will  come  to  order.  Please  note  as 
})resent  Messrs.  Doyle  and  Johansen,  of  the  subcommittee,  and  also 
present  Mr.  Scherer,  of  the  full  committee. 

1  Released  by  the  committee  and  ordered  to  be  printed. 

93 


94  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT    OF    1950 

Do  you  solemnly  swear  you  will  tell  the  truth,  the  Avhole  truth,  and 
nothing  but  the  truth,  so  help  you  God  ? 
Dr.  DuKHAM.  I  do. 

TESTIMONY  OF  BARROWS  DUNHAM,  ACCOMPANIED  BY  COUNSEL, 

PHILIP  DORPMAN 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Dr.  Dunham,  will  you  state  your  name,  please,  sir, 
your  place  of  residence,  and  your  occupation  ? 

Dr.  Dunham.  My  name  is  Barrows  Dunham. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  And  your  residence  ? 

Dr.  Dunham.  127  Bentley  Avenue,  Cynwyd,  Pa. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  is  your  occupation  ? 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  have  no  salaried  employment. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  have  been  engaged  in  the  teaching  profes- 
sion? 

Dr.  Dunham.  Yes. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Pardon  me.  Did  I  understand  the  witness  to  say  he 
has  no  salaried  employment  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes. 

Mr.  Scherer.  What  is  his  business  or  occupation  at  the  present 
time? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  have  no  regular  occupation. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  said  you  had  no  salaried  employment.  What 
is  your  employment,  whether  it  is  salaried  or  not  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  In  the  sense  of  employment,  I  have  no  occupation. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Well,  what  is  your  source  of  income  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  have  a  small  inheritance,  on  the  income  and  capital 
of  which  I  live. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Now,  it  just  seems  to  me  that  you  are  being  evasive 
in  regard  to  your  employment.  Wlien  you  work,  what  do  you  do? 
Do  you  write  ?    Do  you  teach,  or  what  is  it  in  general  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  do  a  little  writing. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  It  has  been  called  to  my  attention  that  I  failed  to 
have  counsel  identify  himself  for  the  record. 

Will  you  please  do  so  ? 

Mr.  DoRFMAN.  I  am  Philip  Dorfman,  1604  Walnut  Street,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Dr.  Dunham,  the  committee  is  mterested  in  the  or- 
ganization and  operation  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis. 

I  show  you  a  copy  of  a  mimeographed  statement  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis,  dated  January  1960.  I  invite  your  attention  to  the 
firet  paragraph  on  page  2,  where  you  will  see  a  list  of  the  membei-s 
of  the  Awards  Conunittee. 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  will  see  there  a  list  of  the  members-  of  the 
Awards  Committee  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis.    Do  you  see  it? 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  see  it. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES   CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  95 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  will  note  that  the  first  name  on  the  list  is  that 
of  Barrows  Dunham.  Now,  I  hand  you  for  comparison  purposes  an- 
other publication  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  entitled  "State- 
ment of  Awards  Committee,"  issued  in  1958.  Will  you  examine  it, 
please  ? 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  will  note  that  it  also  contams  the  list  of  those 
who  are  members  of  the  Awards  Committee.    Do  you  see  it  ? 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  see  it. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  You  will  note  that  your  name  does  not  appear  on 
that  list,  but  that  the  name  of  Frank  Coe  does  appear  there. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Thus  indicating  that  you  replaced  Frank  Coe  on 
the  list.   Is  that  correct  that  you  did  replace  him  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  Very  well.  At  this  point  I  am  going  to  decline  to 
answer  any  questions  concerning  the  Fund  on  the  following  grounds : 
that  they  do  not  come  within  the  competence  of  this  committee ;  that 
they  are  asked  in  violation  of  the  first  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States ;  and,  having  learned  in  recent  years  that  silence 
is  not  only  golden  but  constitutional,  I  seek,  at  this  point,  the  immmiity 
granted  me  by  the  fifth  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  And  by  the  fifth  amendment,  are  you  referring  to 
that  provision  of  the  fifth  amendment  regarding  the  right  of  a  person 
to  refuse  to  testify  in  a  criminal  proceeding  regarding  a  matter  that 
might  incriminate  him  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  Yes. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  We  have  seen  from  some  of  the  documents  that 
have  been  brought  to  the  committee's  attention  regarding  The  Fund 
for  Social  Analysis  that  the  Fund  had  sponsors.  Will  you  tell  the 
committee,  please,  what  the  duties  or  the  purpose  of  sponsors  of  this 
organization  were  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  same 
grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Reference  has  been  made  to  reports  to  the  member- 
ship of  this  group.    Is  this  a  membership  organization  ? 

Dr.  Dunham.  My  answer  is  the  same  as  before. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Are  you  now  a  member  of  the  Awards  Committee 
of  The  Fmid  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds  as  before. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Have  you  any  records  in  your  possession  or  copies 
of  correspondence  or  other  documents  of  The  Fmid  for  Social  Ana- 
lysis ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Dorfman.  Will  you  excuse  me  for  a  moment  while  I  confer 
with  the  witness  ? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  Will  you  restate  the  question,  Mr.  Tavenner,  please? 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Will  you  read  the  question  ? 

72930—61—8 


96  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT   OF    1950 

(The  question  was  read  by  the  reporter.) 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  My  answer  is  I  don't  know. 

Mr  Tavenner.  Would,  by  possibility,  some  of  this  correspondence 
relate  to  awards  that  had  come  before  the  Awards  Committee  foi 
consideration  ? 

( The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel. ) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  decline  to  answer  this  quest  ion  on  the  same  grounds 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Where  are  the  records  to  which  you  referred  when 
you  said  you  were  not  certain  that  you  had  them  ? 

( The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel. ) 

Dr.  Dunham.  If  there  are  any,  they  would  be  at  my  home. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  ask  or  suggest  that  the  subcom- 
mittee consider  issuing  a  subpena  duces  tecum  to  require  Dr.  Dunhain 
to  produce  copies  of  any  correspondence  Avhich  he  has  relating  to 
the  business  and  the  affairs  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis. 

Mr.  DoRFMAN.  Mr.  Tavenner,  I  state  for  the  record  that,  had  I 
known  that  any  correspondence  was  required  for  the  purposes  of  this 
hearmg,  that  they  would  have  been  produced  voluntarily  m  compli- 
ance with  his  duties.  , 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Then  may  I  say  this :  that,  if  the  committee  acts 
favorably  on  my  suggestion,  then  counsel  may  send  the  lettere  to  me 
for  examination  and  then  we  can  tell  whether  or  not  it  is  necessary  to 
call  Dr.  Dunham  back. 

Mr.  Doyle.  We  can  act  on  that  right  now. 

Mr.  Scherer.  I  so  move. 

Mr.  Johansen.  I  second  it.  ,        ,         i  i 

Mr.  Doyle.  It  has  been  moved  and  seconded  that  the  subpena  duces 
tecum  be  issued.   All  in  favor  say  "Aye." 

Mr.  Scherer.  Aye. 

Mr.  Johansen.  Aye. 

Mr.  Doyle.  So  directed. 

You  understand  the  question  of  counsel? 

Mr  DoRFMAN.  Yes.  May  the  record  show  that  we  will  make  a 
seaiWi  for  any  correspondence  that  may  exist,  and  if  any  does,  I  will 
have  Dr.  Dunham  personally,  or  myself,  submit  it  to  Mr.  Tavenner. 

Mr  Tavenner.  Yes,  and  if  you  do  have  such  documents,  then  we 
can  determine  whether  it  is  necessary  for  the  Doctor  to  come  back. 

Mr.  DoRFMAN.    Yes.  ^     ,  •    ,     •,        mi  u 

Mr  TA\Ti:NNER.  If  I  receive  none  from  you,  I  think  it  will  be  neces- 
sary for  the  Doctor  to  come  here  and  state  under  oath  that  he  does  not 
have  them.  .  , 

Mr.  DoRFMAN.  I  will  commmiicate  with  you  very  promptly. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Very  well,  sir.  ,     t^    .  i-  j  ^i    ^ 

Mr  Doyle.  May  I  ask  this:  I  notice  that  the  Doctor  replied  that, 
if  he  does  have  any,  they  are  his  personally.    I  understood  him  to  so 

Mr.  DoRFMAN.  No,  he  did  not  so  state,  Mr.  Doyle. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  stand  corrected.  .  j.  ^,      a         i 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Were  minutes  kept  of  the  meetmgs  of  the  Awards 

Committee? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950  97 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  am  declining  to  answer  any  questions  relating  to 
the  functioning  of  the  Awards  Committee  on  the  grounds  previously 
stated. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Wlio  served  as  secretary  of  the  Awards  Committee? 

Dr.  Dunham.  The  same  answer. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Do  you  know  the  present  location  of  records  of  the 
minutes  of  the  Awards  Committee,  or  in  whose  custody  they  may  be  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  don't  know. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  How  is  that  ? 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  don't  know. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  The  two  documents  which  I  handed  you  I  desire 
to  offer  in  evidence  and  ask  that  they  be  marked  "Dunham  Exhibits 
Nos.  1  and  2,"  respectively. 

Mr.  DoTLE.  So  received  and  marked. 

(Documents  marked  "Dunham  Exhibits  Nos.  1  and  2,"  and  retained 
in  committee  files.) 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Doctor,  you  will  note  at  the  bottom  of  each  of  the 
two  documents,  if  you  will  exhibit  the  documents  to  him,  please,  the 
address  of  Eoom  No.  2800.     Do  you  see  that  ? 

Dr.  Dunham.  Yes. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Are  you  familiar  with  that  address  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  will  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds  as  be- 
fore. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Is  it  not  the  law  office  of  Isidore  Needleman  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  grounds  previously  stated. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  What  is  Isidore  Needleman's  connection  with  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  The  same  answer  as  before. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Did  you  receive  any  communications  from  him  rela- 
tive to  the  business  of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  Whatever  correspondence  relating  to  the  Fund  is  in 
existence  and  is  in  my  possession,  I  will  produce. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes,  but  I  am  asking  you  whether  or  not  you  re- 
ceived communications  from  Isidore  Needleman  regarding  the  busi- 
ness of  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  will  decline  to  answer  that  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  I  have  no  further  questions,  Mr.  Chairman. 

Mr.  DoTLE.  Have  members  of  the  committee  any  questions  of  the 
witness  ? 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Doctor,  you  said  that  you  do  writing.    In  what  field  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  Philosophy. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  You  are  then  a  free-lance  writer  in  this  field? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  Yes. 

Mr.  Sgherer.  Could  you  tell  us  some  of  the  publications  for  which 
you  write  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 


98  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  will  decline  to  answer  that  question  as  not  pertinent 
and  also  on  the  grounds  previously  stated. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  certainly  think  the  question  is  perti- 
nent and  ask  that  you  direct  the  witness  to  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Doyle.  You  understood  Mr.  Scherer's  question,  did  you  not? 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  thought  I  did  but  perhaps  it  better  be  restated. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  I  merely  asked  for  what  publications  you  write. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  liis  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  will  decline  to  answer  that  on  the  grounds  previ- 
ously stated. 

Mr.  DoTLE.  I  will  instruct  you  to  answer  that  question.  We  believe 
it  is  pertinent. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Do  you  honestly 

Mr.  Dorfman.  Mr.  Scherer,  I  believe  that  Mr.  Doyle  has  asked  the 
witness  a  question. 

Mr.  Doyle.  No,  I  said  I  instructed  him  to  answer  the  question, 
because  the  committee  believes  it  is  pertinent. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  am  asserting  my  privilege  under  the  fifth  amend- 
ment. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Do  you  honestly  believe  that  to  tell  this  committee 
what  publications  you  write  for,  might  lead  to  a  criminal  prosecution  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  Well,  yes,  I  do;  and  I  have  personal  experience  of 
the  fact,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  I  was  once  brought  to  trial  for  a  valid 
use  of  the  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Scherer.  What  trial  was  that  ?  I  am  entirely  ignorant  of  any 
trial  that  you  were  involved  in. 

Dr.  Dunham.  In  1956  a  trial  for  contempt  of  this  committee.  1955. 
Excuse  me. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Are  these  publications  for  which  you  write  Commu- 
nist publications? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Dr.  Dunham.  I  will  decline  to  answer  that  question,  seeking  again 
the  protection  of  the  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Scherer.  I  have  no  further  questions. 

Mr.  Johansen.  I  have  no  questions. 

Mr.  DoYUE.  I  suggest,  for  the  convenience  of  all  concerned,  that  the 
hearing  be  postponed  to  a  definite  date,  subject  to  the  subpena  duces 
tecum  and  everyone's  cooperation  with  regard  to  pertinent  documents. 

Mr.  Dorfman.  With  the  understanding  that  we  will  be  advised  by 
Mr.  Tavenner  as  to  whether  we  are  actually  required  to  return. 

Mr.  Tavenner.  Yes. 

Mr.  Doyle.  That  is  right.  Very  well,  Friday,  June  16,  at  2  o'clock 
in  this  room,  the  witness  is  directed  to  reappear,  with  the  understand- 
ing that  he  does  not  need  to  appear  if  the  documents  are  furnished 
Mr.  Tavenner  in  the  meantime. 

Mr.  Dorfman.  If  we  are  required  to,  we  will  come  back  at  any  time 
you  wish. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Thank  you  very  much. 

(Whereupon,  at  2 :40  p.m.,  Wednesday,  June  7,  1961,  the  subcom- 
mittee recessed,  to  reconvene  at  2  p.m.,  Friday,  June  16,  1961.^) 


1  The  documentB  requested  having  been  supplied  by  Dr.  Dunham,  the  hearing  scheduled 
for  June  16,  1961,  was  canceled. 


HEARINGS  RELATING  TO  H.R.  4700,  TO  AMEND  SEC- 
TION 11  OF  THE  SUBVERSIVE  ACTIVITIES  CONTROL 
ACT  OF  1950,  AS  AMENDED 

(The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis) 


WEDNESDAY,  AUGUST   16,   1961 

United  States  House  of  Representatives, 

Subcommittee  of  the 
Committee  on  Un-American  Activities, 

Washington,  D.C. 

PUBLIC   HEARING 

A  subcommittee  of  the  Committee  on  Un-American  Activities  met, 
pursuant  to  call,  at  10  a.m.,  in  the  Caucus  Room,  Old  House  Office 
Building,  Washington,  D.C,  Hon.  Francis  E.  Walter  (chairman  of 
the  committee)  presiding. 

Subcommittee  members:  Representatives  Francis  E.  Walter,  of 
Pennsylvania;  Morgan  M.  Moulder,  of  Missouri;  and  Gordon  H. 
Scherer,  of  Ohio. 

Committee  members  present:  Representatives  Francis  E.  Walter,  of 
Pennsylvania ;  Clyde  Doyle,  of  California ;  William  M.  Tuck,  of  Vir- 
ginia; Gordon  H.  Scherer,  of  Ohio;  August  E.  Johansen,  of  Michi- 
gan; Donald  C.  Bruce,  of  Indiana;  and  Henry  C.  Schadeberg,  of 
Wisconsin. 

Staff  members  present :  John  C.  Walsh,  counsel,  and  Donald  T.  Ap- 
pell,  investigator. 

The  Chairman.  The  subconmiittee  will  come  to  order. 

This  is  a  continuation  of  the  hearings  conducted  on  May  31,  1961, 
at  which  time  Dr.  Annette  T.  Rubinstein,  accompanied  by  you  as  her 
counsel,  testified  with  reference  to  the  activities,  grants,  and  money 
received  by  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  an  unincorporated  asso- 
ciation doing  business  in  the  State  of  New  York. 

I  realize  that  you  were  in  the  room  at  the  time  and  familiar  with 
the  purposes  of  these  hearings.  However,  so  that  there  will  be 
no  question  with  reference  to  the  pertinency  of  your  testimony,  I 
would  like  to  state  that  the  many  hearings  held  by  the  committee 
over  the  past  several  years  have  documented  the  volume  of  Commu- 
nist propaganda  being  printed  in  the  Soviet  Union  and  its  satellite 
countries  for  dissemination  in  the  United  States.  The  method  used 
to  import  this  propaganda  has  also  been  documented.  In  an  effort 
to  curb  this  abuse,  I  have  offered  H.R.  5751,  which  is  presently  on 
Union  Calendar.  This  bill  is  identical  with  the  one  which  passed  the 
House  in  the  86th  Congress,  but  did  not  reach  a  vote  in  the  Senate. 

We  do  not  believe  that  Communist  propaganda  will  be  fully  con- 


100  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0 

trolled  by  this  bill,  or  for  that  matter  by  any  bill.  A  Communist 
propaganda  offensive  is  being  waged  both  from  without  and  from 
within  tliis  country  in  many  different  fields,  and  this  committee  has 
endeavored  and  will  continue  in  its  efforts  to  aid  Congress  in  its  con- 
sideration of  necessary  remedial  legislation  to  control  this  Commu- 
nist weapon. 

Prior  to  1947,  scores  of  Communist- front  organizations,  engaged  in 
propaganda  activities,  enjoyed  tax-exempt  status.  Moneys  donated 
to  such  organizations  were  deductible  on  the  income  tax  returns  of 
individual  and  corporate  donors.  In  1947,  the  Commissioner  of  In- 
ternal Eevenue,  acting  on  the  findings  of  the  Attorney  General, 
removed  the  tax-exempt  status  of  those  organizations  which  the  At- 
torney General  found  to  be  subversive. 

This  was  thought  to  be  the  coup  which  would  fold  most  of  these 
subversive  organizations,  but  as  we  know,  it  did  not.  Most  of  the 
organizations  continued  to  flourish  even  at  the  start  with  a  reduced 
budget.  It  was  not  until  organizations  were  found  to  be  subversive 
by  the  Subversive  Activities  Control  Board  that  many  ceased  to 
exist,  at  least  under  the  name  by  which  they  had  been  known  for  years. 

However,  even  such  a  finding  did  not  bring  about  the  demise  of  the 
^^jnerican  Committee  for  Protection  of  Foreign  Born.  Newly 
named  organizations  are  cropping  up  daily  to  replace  those  which 
have  served  their  purpose. 

None  of  these  propaganda  organs  died  from  the  lack  of  income. 
They  were  discontinued  because  they  had  served  their  purpose  or 
because  the  citation  as  subversive  removed  their  acceptability  to  the 
general  public. 

Years  have  now  passed  since  the  Attorney  General  has  cited  an 
organization  as  subversive.  The  limitation  placed  upon  his  office 
by  the  courts  is  having  the  effect  of  stopping  further  citations.  The 
courts'  delay  in  passing  upon  the  provisions  of  the  Subversive  Activ- 
ities Control  Act  of  1950,  and  the  years  it  takes  between  a  hearing 
before  the  Subversive  Activities  Control  Board  and  the  issuance 
of  a  final  order,  have  all  worked  to  the  advantage  of  the  Communist 
organizations.  Therefore,  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Kevenue 
needs  authority  to  deny  tax  relief  to  these  organizations  immediately 
upon  their  formation. 

However,  denial  of  tax  exemption  has  not  and  will  never  bring 
about  the_  elimination  of  propaganda  organizations.  Preliminary 
investigations  by  the  committee  have  uncovered  the  fact  that  one 
organization  has  solicited,  over  the  period  of  less  than  5  years,  over 
a  quarter  of  a  million  dollai-s.  This  money  has  been  used  almost 
exclusively  in  the  dissemination  of  propaganda  in  defense  of  the 
Communist  Party  and  its  members,  and  in  the  furtherance  of  Com- 
munist Party  objectives.  Its  principal  income  has  not  been  taxable 
because  it  is  derived  from  gifts  or  contributions.  The  organization 
does  not  seek  tax  exemption.  It  files  a  return  which  excludes  gifts  or 
contributions  from  tax  computation.  Thus,  the  expenses  exceed  the 
taxable  income  and  no  tax  is  due  the  United  States. 

We  have  found  that  many  organizations  engaged  in  subversive 
propaganda  do  not  bother  to  even  file  a  return.  They,  likewise,  do 
not  bother  to  maintain  records  and  thereby  place  a  burden  on  the 
Internal  Revenue  Service  of  proving  the  amount  of  income  received 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  101 

and  the  source  thereof.  In  the  case  of  one  organization,  when  the 
Internal  Eevenue  Service  made  inquiry  as  to  why  no  return  had  been 
filed,  it  refused  to  make  its  records  available  for  examination.  By 
the  time  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  demanded  the  production  of 
records,  the  organization  had  been  abolished.  Within  months  the 
same  people,  organized  under  a  new  name,  were  back  working  on 
behalf  of  communism. 

Based  on  this  preliminary  evidence,  I  introduced  H.R.  4700,  to 
amend  section  11  of  the  Subversive  Activities  Control  Act  of  1950. 
This  legislation  is  designed  to  place  in  the  hands  of  the  Internal  Rev- 
enue Service  authority  to  proceed  immediately  against  Communist- 
action,  as  well  as  Communist-front,  organizations.  It  further  pro- 
vides that  contributions  made  to  such  organizations  shall  be  con- 
sidered as  taxable  income,  and  further  that  money  expended  in  carry- 
ing out  subversive  propaganda:  shall  not  be  deductible. 

An  additional  purpose  of  the  hearing  is  to  ascertain  whether  or  not 
the  witness,  aside  from  any  relationship  he  might  have  with  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  is  engaged  in  activities  in  behalf  of  the 
Communist  Party  of  the  United  States  or  the  international  Commu- 
nist movement. 

The  committee  is  not  in  any  sense  interested  in  restricting  bona 
fide  research  and  study  of  communism.  In  fact,  it  has  encouraged  an 
objective  study  and  teaching  of  communism,  so  that  America  may 
better  understand  the  problems  that  communism  poses  throughout  the 
world. 

We  will  proceed,  Mr.  Walsh. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Mr.  Needleman  is  the  first  witness. 

The  Chairman.  Will  you  raise  your  right  hand,  please  ?  You  do 
solemnly  swear  that  the  testimony  you  are  about  to  give  will  be  the 
truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  so  help  you  God  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  affirm. 

On  the  question  of  the  purposes  of  the  hearing,  may  I  ask  this, 
please:  Does  the  committee,  since  it  started  its  investigation  of  the 
Fund,  have  any  evidence  that  the  Fund  was  in  any  way  connected 
or  dominated  by,  or  connected  with,  the  Communist  Party?  That 
would  help  me  in  determining  whether  a  question  is  relevant  and 
material. 

The  Chairman.  We  will  develop  that  as  we  go  along.  I  cannot 
give  you  an  answer  at  this  time. 

Mr.  Walsh.  May  the  resolution  authorizing  the  hearings  and  the 
appointment  of  the  subcommittee  be  made  a  part  of  the  record  ? 

The  Chairman.  They  may  be. 

(See  pp.  5,  6.) 

TESTIMONY  OF  ISIDORE  GIBBY  NEEBLEMAN,  ACCOMPANIED  BY 
COUNSEL,  JOSEPH  FORER 

Mr.  Walsh.  What  is  your  name,  please  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Isidore  G.  Needleman. 

Mr.  Walsh.  What  does  the  "G"  stand  for  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  G-i-b-b-y. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Where  do  you  live  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  110  36th  Road,  Forest  Hills,  Long  Island. 


102  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT    OF    1950 

Mr.  Walsh.  Wliat  is  your  occupation  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Attorney. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Now,  you  are  here  pursuant  to  a  subpena,  are  you  not, 
served  upon  you  at  your  office,  suite  2810,  165  Broadway,  New  York 
City? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  correct. 

Mr.  Walsh.  That  is  where  you  maintain  your  law  office  ? 

]VIr.  Needleman.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Now,  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  gave  as  its  ad- 
dress 165  Broadway,  and  I  ask  you  whether  or  not  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis  had  its  offices  in  your  law  office  ? 

Mr.  FoRER.  Excuse  me  a  second.  Do  you  want  the  appearance  of 
counsel  noted  ? 

Mr.  Walsh.  Pardon  me.  Would  you  give  your  name,  sir,  as 
counsel. 

Mr.  FoRER.  I  didn't  want  to  feel  the  committee  had  slighted  me. 

The  Chairman.  We  have  seen  you  so  often,  it  is  not  necessary. 

Mr.  FoRER.  All  right,  then,  but  just  for  the  record 

The  Chairman.  Let  the  record  show  that  the  witness  is  represented 
by  Joseph  Forer,  an  attorney  at  law,  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Mr.  FoRER.  Thank  you. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Would  you  read  back  the  question  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  remember  it.  It  is  whether  The  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis  maintained  its  offices  at  165  Broadway. 

Mr.  Walsh.  In  suite  2810. 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  answer  to  that  is  "No,"  but  just  so  that  we 
don't  get  into  an  unnecessary  hassle  about  it,  it  was  suite  2800,  where  I 
once  had  my  office.  I  just  moved  my  office  from  2800  to  2810.  Mr. 
Chairman,  on  the  question  of  proceeding  with  this  hearing,  as  you 
have  stated,  I  was  here  representing  some  clients  on  May  31,  and  I 
think  this  is  an  invasion  of  an  attorney-client  relationship  to  ask  me 
to  come  down  here. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  I  think  it  was  done  at  Mr.  Scherer's  personal 
vendetta  against  me,  and  I  think  he  has  some  kind 

The  Chairman.  Oh,  no ;  you  are  wrong  about  that. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Because  we  had  a  run-in  at  the  last  hearing  and 
I  think  he  is  gunning  for  me,  and  if  that  is  the  case,  I  don't  think 
that  the  committee  should  be  used  for  such  personal  vendettas. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Scherer  didn't  have  you  subpenaed.  You  were 
subpenaed  as  a  result  of  action  taken  by  the  full  committee  and  not 
acting  on  any  recommendations  made  by  the  distinguished  gentleman 
from  Ohio. 

Mr.  Needleman.  A  member  of  the  Birch  Society.  That  wouldn't 
make  him  so  distinguished  in  my  eyes. 

The  Chairman.  Well,  you  are  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party, 
so  that  doesn't  make  you  very  distinguished  either. 

Mr.  Needleman.  You  have  that  evidence  ? 

The  Chairman.  Go  ahead,  Mr.  Walsh. 

Mr.  Scherer.  For  the  record,  I  am  not  now,  nor  have  I  ever  been, 
a  member  of  the  Birch  Society. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  not  a  witness  here. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Let  us  have  the  record  clear,  and  I  am  not  taking  the 
fifth  amendment. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0  103 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  want  to  assure  you  that  no  question  which  I  will  ask 
you  will  impinge  upon  your  right  and  the  privilege  of  client-and- 
attorney  relationship. 

The  Chairman.  I  will  take  care  of  that,  and  I  think  I  understand 
what  the  record  shows. 

Mr.  Needleman.  You  understand,  of  course,  that  not  only  was  I 
representing  certain  people,  but  I  am  also,  and  I  volunteer  this  infor- 
mation, counsel  for  the  Fund. 

Mr.  Walsh.  We  are  going  to  come  to  that.  Now,  what  is  your  edu- 
cational background,  Mr.  Needleman  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  went  through  high  school. 

Mr.  Walsh.  What  high  school  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Is  that  important  ?     I  went  through  high  school. 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  want  your  background,  that  is  all. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  am  telling  you,  I  went  through  high  school,  col- 
lege, and  law  school. 

Mr.  Walsh.  When  were  you  admitted  to  the  bar? 

Mr.  Needleman.  In  1932. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Now,  you  stated  that  you  are  the  attorney  for  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Walsh.  And  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  did  have  their 
offices  at  room  2800  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  How  long  a  period  did  they  have  their  offices  in  your 
office? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Since  its  very  inception. 

Mr.  Walsh.  When  was  that  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  I  can't  remember,  but  you  must  have  that. 

Mr.  Walsh.  It  is  an  unincorporated  association  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  It  is  a  loose  group  of  people. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  draw  up  the  papers  for  its  formation  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  There  were  no  papers.  It  was  a  loose  association 
of  people. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Do  you  know  an  Irving  Kaplan,  who  was  the  treasurer 
of  The  Fund  for  Soci  al  Analysis  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Now,  Mr.  Walsh,  I  represented  Mr.  Kaplan  here, 
as  a  client,  and  I  think  that,  there,  clearly  you  are  impinging  upon 
the  attorney-client  relationship,  and  I  ask,  Mr.  Chairman,  that  that 
question  be  withdrawn. 

The  Chairman.  We  are  not  going  to  permit  any  questions  that  will 
m  anywise  violate  the  well-known  principles  concerning  the  relation- 
ship of  attorney  and  client.  We  don't  think  that  this  question  does. 
Answer  the  question. 

Mr.  FoRER.  Excuse  me  one  moment.  Could  the  question  just  be 
changed  to,  if  he  knows  Irving  Kaplan,  because  as  it  is  now  worded, 
it  includes  a  description  from  him  which  could  have  come  as  a  confi- 
dential communication.     Do  you  see  what  I  mean  ? 

Mr.  Walsh.  He  appeared  here  as  a  witness— without  getting  in 
an  argument  with  you. 

The  Chairman.  Answer  the  question,  do  you  know  Irving  Kaplan  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes ;  I  do. 


104  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  know  him  as  the  treasurer  of  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Now,  I  protest,  again,  against  this  question  on 
the  ground  that  it  would  be  a  violation  of  attorney-client  privilege  for 
me  to  discuss  whether  I  knew  Mr.  Kaplan  as  a  treasurer  of  the  Fund. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Do  you  know  Harry  Magdoff  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  I  do. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  he  ever  come  into  your  office  as  an  officer  or  a 
person  interested  in  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  must  again  protest  this  question. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  ever  see  him  in  your  office  in  suite  2800  at 
165  Broadway  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  I  have. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  know  a  Dr.  Annette  T.  Rubinstehi  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  As  you  know,  I  represented  her,  and  I  know  her. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  ever  see  her  in  your  office  in  suite  2800  at  165 
Broadway  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  The  Fund,  for  Social  Analysis  have  an  office  as- 
signed to  them  in  your  office  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  What  rooms  did  they  use  when  they  occupied  and 
transacted  business  in  your  suite,  2800  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  presupposes  something  that  is  not  neces- 
sarily true.  Any  discussion  of  what  business  they  did  or  didn't 
transact,  whether  in  my  room  or  anything  else,  I  object  to  on  the 
ground  that  it  is  a  violation  of  the  attorney-client  privilege. 

The  Chairman.  Now,  what  was  this  last  question  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  would  like  to  have  it  read. 

(The  pending  question  was  read  by  the  reporter.) 

The  Chairman.  Answer  the  question.  This  has  nothing  Avhatso- 
ever  to  do  with  the  relationship  of  attorney  and  client. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Whether  they  are  meeting  with  me  and  discussing 
matters,  that  is  an  attorney-client  relationship. 

The  Chairman.  We  are  merely  asking  whether  or  not  there  was  a 
meeting  in  your  office  attended  by  certain  people. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  Would  you  read  that  question  ? 

(The  pending  question  was  read  by  the  reporter. ) 

Mr.  Walsh.  Do  you  understand  the  question?  Would  you  kindly 
read  the  question  back,  Mr.  Reporter  ? 

(The  pending  question  was  reread  by  the  reporter.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  My  suite  2800  consisted  of  one  room,  and  when 
they  met  with  me,  it  was  in  the  capacity  of  an  attorney-client  situa- 
tion, and  not  in  the  capacity  of  the  Fund. 

Mr.  Scherer.  How  do  you  explain  then,  Witne.ss,  that  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis  used  yoiir  suite  as  its  headquarters  and  announced 
your  suite  as  its  headquarters  on  its  stationery  ^ 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  was  their  mailing  address,  my  office. 

The  Chairman.  Were  you  a  member  of  the  organization  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  they  ever  pay  any  rent  to  you  for  tlie  use  of  the 
office,  suite  2800? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  105 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir.    They  never  paid  me  a  fee,  either. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  they  have  any  cabinets  ? 

Mr.  FoRER.  That  is  a  little  un-American,  just  between  us. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Mr.  Needleman,  were  they  privileged  to  have  in  your 
office,  cabinets  or  filing  cabinets  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  they  ever  keep  any  books  of  account  that  you  know 
of,  in  your  office,  not  in  your  representative  capacity,  but  did  you 
see  any  books  of  account  that  they  had  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir.  I  don't  know  whether  it  would  come 
under  the  category  of  books  of  account,  but  the  bank  statements  used 
to  come  to  my  office. 

Mr.  Walsh.  How  about  mail  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  mail  used  to  come  to  my  office,  and  I  just 
indicated  that. 

Mr.  Walsh.  What  did  you  do  with  the  mail  when  it  came  to  your 
office? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Well,  I  think  that  is  a  violation  of  the  attorney- 
client  relationship. 

Mr.  Walsh.  To  whom  was  the  mail  addressed  when  it  did  come  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  suite  2800. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Was  it  ever  addressed  to  Annette  Rubinstein? 

Mr.  Needleman.  To  my  knowledge^  the  mail — I  didn't  pay  too  much 
attention  to  every  piece  of  mail,  but  smce  the  address  of  the  Fund  was 
165  Broadway,  New  York  6,  suite  2800,  that  is  the  way  I  would  say 
the  overwhelming  majority  of  the  mail  came,  and  if  there  were  a  letter 
addressed  to  an  individual,  it  is  possible,  but  I  couldn't  tell  you  tliat 
that  was  the  fact. 

Mr.  Walsh.  ^Vhere  did  you  leave  the  mail  in  the  office  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  It  was  left  on  a  table. 

Mr.  Walsh.  And  it  was  only  one  room  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  correct, 

Mr.  Walsh.  And  then  who  would  come  in  and  pick  up  that  mail  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Anyone  could  come  in. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Would  Dr.  Rubinstein  come  in  and  pick  it  up  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  couldn't  tell  you  that. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  ever  see  her  come  in  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  ever  see  Harry  Magdoff  come  in  and  pick  up 
any  mail  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  ever  see  Irving  Kaplan,  the  treasurer,  come  in 
and  pick  up  any  mail  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Addressed  to  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No.  Well,  now,  Irving  Kaplan  would  pick  up,  I 
saw  him  pick  up  the  bank  statements.  Not  always,  but  since  you  say 
"ever,"  I  did. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Who  handled  the  funds  for  this  Social  Analysis 
Fund? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  think  that  is  an  attorney-client  privilege. 

Mr.  Scherer.  I  ask  you  to  direct  the  witness  to  answer. 

The  Chapman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question.  ^ 


106  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES   CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  think  that  is  a  clear  invasion  of  an  attorney- 
client  privilege,  as  to  who  handled  funds  of  an  organization. 

The  Chairman.  I  have  directed  you  to  answer  the  question.  Do 
you  refuse  to  answer  the  question  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Just  a  moment.  I  will  consult  counsel.  That  is 
what  I  pay  him  for. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Forer.  Was  the  question,  Wlio  handled  the  funds  ? 

Mr.  ScHERER.  Read  the  question  back.  Let  us  get  the  record 
straight. 

f  The  pending  question  was  read  by  the  reporter.) 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  only  way  I  know,  as  an  attorney,  who  was  in 
charge  of  the  funds  or  who  handled  the  funds,  is  what  one  of  the  peo- 
ple told  me,  and  I  helped  him  fill  out  the  bank  cards  and  so  on,  that 
you  have  to  submit  to  the  bank,  and  I  filled  it  out  as  an  attorney.  He 
came  to  me,  and  he  said,  "How  do  you  open  an  account,  and  so  on," 
and  I  think  that  that  is  a  legal  transaction  that  comes  within  the 
province  of  attorney-client  relationship,  and  I  ask  you  to  reconsider, 
Mr.  Walter,  whether  that  isn't  so. 

The  Chairman.  No ;  I  don't  think  it  is.  The  mere  mechanical  op- 
eration of  filling  out  of  a  deposit  slip,  in  nowise 

Mr.  Needleman.  Not  a  deposit  slip,  the  opening  of  the  account, 
and  the  consultation. 

The  Chairman.  We  are  not  asking  you  about  anything  except  who 
handled  the  funds,  that  is  all. 

Mr.  Forer.  The  only  way  he  knows  about  it  is  what  a  client  told 
him. 

The  Chairman.  No  ;  he  sat  in  on  this  and  he  was  a  part  of  it. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  said  I  was  not  a  member  of  the  Fund  and  I  am 
not  a  member  of  the  Fund. 

Mr.  Forer.  The  reason  he  asked  you  to  reconsider  was  that  he  is 
just  informing  you  that  the  only  way  he  knows  the  answer  to  this 
question  is  from  what  an  individual  to  whom  he  was  counsel,  told  him. 

The  Chairman.  Well,  the  Qiair  doesn't  think  that  this  is  a  violation 
of  the  rule  with  respect  to  the  relationship  of  the  attorney-client  and 
you  are  directed  to  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Forer.  I  wonder  if  we  could  have  time  to  research  that.  Mr. 
Needleman  doesn't  want  to  be  in  a  situation  where  on  the  one  hand 
he  doesn't  want  to  be  in  contempt  of  the  committee,  and  on  the  other 
hand  he  doesn't  want  to  violate  his  obligation  as  an  attorney,  and  you 
are  putting  him  in  a  pretty  difficult  situation. 

The  Chahiivian.  I  don't  know  who  is  going  to  be  hurt  when  we  find 
out  who  deposited  the  money  and  who  handled  the  money. 

Mr.  Forer.  He  would  be  hurt  if  he  violated  the  attorney-client 
privilege. 

The  Chairiman.  All  right,  answer  the  question. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  Would  you  care  to  hold  that  in  abeyance  and  1 
will  write  you  an  answer  to  that  after  I 

The  Chairman.  We  have  looked  into  this  very  question. 

Mr.  Needleman.  My  answer  is  that  I  protest  being  compelled  to 
talk  about  an  attorney-client  relationship,  and  that  is  the  first  ground 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL   ACT   OF    1950  107 

of  my  answer,  and  the  second  ground  is  that  it  is  a  violation  of  my 
rights  under  the  first  and  fifth  amendment  to  the  United  States 
Constitution. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Mr.  Needleman,  a  few  questions  back  you  said  that 
the  bank  statements  that  came  into  the  office  were  picked  up  by  Irving 
Kaplan  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Is  that  correct  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  sir,  I  did. 

Mr.  Walsh.  And  do  you  know,  without  violating  any  confidence 
between  lawyer  and  client,  whether  or  not  he  was  the  treasurer  of  The 
Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Without  violating  confidence  of  attorney-client, 
I  do  not  know. 

Mr.  Walsh.  And  Annette  Kubinstein  never  told  you  that  he  was 
the  treasurer  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Whatever  she  told  me  would  be  an  attorney-client 
relationship,  especially  since  I  questioned  her  very  thoroughly  before 
I  represented  her  before  this  committee  on  May  31. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Other  than  the  attorney-client  relationship,  have  you 
any  information  or  knowledge  that  you  could  give  this  committee  as  to 
whether  or  not  Annette  Rubinstein  is  a  member  of  the  Communist 
Party? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  do  not  know. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Or  was? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  do  not  know. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Have  you  any  information  with  reference  to  Harry 
Magdoff? 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  same  answer. 

Mr.  Walsh.  That  he  was  or  is  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  same  answer. 

Mr.  ScHEKER.  What  is  the  same  answer  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  I  do  not  know.  He  asked  whether  I  knew 
she  was  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  and  my  answer  is,  I  do 
not  know,  and  I  do  not  know  about  Mr.  Harry  Magdoff. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Do  you  know  as  to  Irving  Kaplan,  whether  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  do  not  know. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Now,  was  any  stenographic  work  done  in  your  office 
by  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  they  have  a  typewriter  there? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  They  had  no  books  or  records  there  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  They  had  no  filing  cabinet  there  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  The  only  thing  that  they  did  there  was  to  pick  up  their 
mail? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  correct. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  they  ever  have  any  meetings  there  of  The  Fund 
for  Social  Analysis? 


108  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

• 

Mr.  NiEEDLEMAN.   No,  sii". 

Mr.  Walsh,  Did  you  ever  confer  with  them  in  your  office,  and.  I  am 
now  referring  to  Kaplan,  Magdoff,  and  Rubinstein,  in  your  repre- 
sentation as  an  attorney  for  them  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  When  they  were  subpenaed,  I  represented  Annette 
Rubinstein  and  they  conferred  in  my  office  and  I  represented  Irving 
Kaplan  and  they  conferred  in  my  office;  and  Mr.  Magdoff  was  also 
under  subpena,  and  at  one  time  there  was  a  question  whether  I  would 
represent  him,  and,  in  fact,  I  called  this  committee  for  an  adjournment 
on  his  behalf,  so  that  he  consulted  with  me  thereafter.  Mr.  Magdoff 
appeared  by  separate  counsel. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  You  said  they  were  in  your  office  after  they  were  sub- 
penaed by  this  committee.    Weren't  they  in  your  office  before  that  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  Well,  as  counsel  for  the  Fund,  I  have  consulted 
with  them. 

Mr.  Walsh.  In  your  office? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Sometimes  in  my  office,  and  sometimes  out. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  No  meetings  were  held  in  your  office  by  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Not  one,  Mr.  Scherer. 

Mr.  Scherer.  "Where  were  the  meetings  held  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Don't  say  you  don't  believe  me. 

Mr.  Scherer.  What  is  that  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Don't  say  you  don't  believe  me. 

The  Chapman.  Now,  you  are  not  a  mind  reader. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  am  under  oath. 

Mr.  Forer.  To  clarify  the  record,  he  did  meet  with  them  as  an  at- 
torney, in  the  sense  those  might  be  meetings. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  already  said  that. 

The  Chairman.  He  stated  that. 

Mr.  FoRER.  You  were  referring  to  any  other  meetings  ? 

Mr.  Scherer.  I  think  my  question  was  plain. 

Mr.  Tuck.  Did  you  say  you  were  not  paid  any  fee  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Tuck.  Was  any  arrangement  made  for  the  payment  of  any  fees  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir ;  I  decided  that  since  all  of  the  moneys  that 
they  collected  went  to  awards,  every  penny,  that  no  penny  was  paid 
to  anyone  for  any  kind  of  services,  I  decided  that  I  would  not  bill 
them  for  my  services. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Did  you  consider  your  services  as  a  contribution  on 
your  part  to  the  Commimist  Party  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Isn't  that  the  truth  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  not  the  truth,  and  it  would  just  be  like  you 
to  ask  that  kind  of  a  question  when  you  know  there  was  not  evidence 
to  that  effect. 

Mr.  Scherer.  Are  you  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  not  pertinent  to  this  inquiry,  is  it  ? 

Mr.  Scherer.  Are  you? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  don't  want  to  tell  you  because  it  is  not  pertinent 
to  this  inquiry. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0  109 

Mr.  ScHERER.  I  ask  you  to  direct  the  witness  to  answer  the  question. 

The  Chairman.  We  will  get  around  to  that  in  a  minute.  Go  ahead, 
Mr.  Walsh. 

Mr.  Walspi.  Did  you  have  anything  to  do  with  the  preparation  of 
any  Federal  income  tax  for  the  Fund  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No;  I  did  not. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  the  Fund  ever  file  an  income  tax  return  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  There  was  a  question  raised  by  the  tax  people,  and 
that  matter  was  turned  over  to  a  tax  attorney,  whose  name,  by  the  way, 
slips  my  mind  just  now,  but  they  had  tax  advice  that  they  did  not, 
under  the  setup  they  had,  they  did  not  have  to  file  a  return. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Can  you  refresh  your  memory  at  this  time  and  tell  us 
the  name  of  the  attorney  with  whom  they  ct)nsulted  with  reference  to 
income  tax  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  really  couldn't. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Is  he  in  the  city  of  New  York  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Let  me  tell  you  what  happened.  There  was  a 
taxman,  a  man  from  Internal  Revenue  came  to  my  ofHce  and  asked 
about  the  tax  question,  and  I  said  I  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  taxes 
and  I  was  not  a  tax  attorney,  but  I  would  communicate  with  my 
client,  and  let  him  know. 

Mr.  Walsh.  With  whom  did  you  communicate? 

Mr,  Needleman.  Well,  that,  I  think,  is  a  privileged  communication. 

Mr.  Walsh.  You  were  merely  telling  tnem  that  tlie  income  tax 
people  were  coming  in  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Whatever  I  was  telling  them  is  an  attorney-client 
relationship,  you  would  recognize  that. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  ever  prepare  any  State  income  tax  returns  for 
them  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  None. 

Mr.  Walsh.  And  you  have  no  recollection,  at  this  time,  of  the  indi- 
vidual or  the  lawyer  who  did  prepare  the  income  tax  or  of  conferences 
with  the  Internal  Revenue  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  never  had  any  conferences  with  the  taxman,  and 
I  don't  know  who  did  consult  them  about  the  taxman. 

Mr.  Walsh.  By  taxman,  you  refer  to  the  lawyer  that  they  hired? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Can  you  get  that  inf onnation,  and  send  it  in,  please  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  will  try  to  get  it  for  you. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  they  have  any  original  books  of  account  that  you 
told  them  to  take  to  this  attorney,  who  would  prepare  or  would  argue 
with  the  Internal  Revenue,  whether  or  not  they  should  or  should  not 
file  an  income  tax  return  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  had  nothing  to  do  with  that  and  I  don't  know 
of  any. 

Mr.  Walsh.  You  never  saw  any  books  of  account  in  your  office  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  You  never  saw  any  resolutions  with  reference  to  the 
granting  of  moneys  to  individuals  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  In  my  office ;  no,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Where  were  these  papei-s  kept,  do  you  know  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  don't  know.    What  papers  are  you  referring  to  ? 

Mr.  Walsh.  The  correspondence,  resolutions,  letters  from  The  Fund 
of  Social  Analysis  to  a  grantee,  and  that  type  of  thing. 


110  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT   OF    1950 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  don't  know  about  that. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Do  you  know  who  picked  up  the  letters  other  than  the 
fact  that  Mr.  Kaplan  did  pick  up  the  bank  statements — these  other 
letters  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  don't  know, 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  ever  forward  these  letters  to 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  FoRER.  We  are  not  clear  what  your  question  was,  something 
about  picking  up  mail  ? 

Mr.  Walsh.  He  has  testified  that  a  Mr.  Kaplan  did  pick  up  bank 
statements,  and  I  am  now  asking  him  who  picked  up  the  other  letters 
that  were  delivered  to  his  suite  at  165  Broadway. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  FoRER.  I  don't  know  whether  the  record  shows  an  answer  to  that 
question. 

Mr.  Walsh.  It  doesn't  as  yet. 

Mr.  FoRER.  I  didn't  think  that  he  answered  it. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Previously  I  gave  the  answer  to  that  question,  that 
it  violated  an  attorney-client  privilege. 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  am  asking  whether  you  visually  saw  an  individual 
come  in  the  office  and  pick  up  the  papers. 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir,  if  that  is  your  question,  the  answer  is  "No," 
sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  ever  handle  them  yourself,  these  letters  and 
correspondence,  so  addressed  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Have  you  ever  interviewed  any  individuals  who  were 
seeking  grants  from  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis? 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  answer  I  have  to  give  is  this :  People  would 
come  up,  and  they  had  seen  the  advertisement,  either  in  a  learned 
journal  or  some  other  periodical,  or  on  the  bulletin  board  of  one  of 
the  universities,  and  instead  of  writing,  as  the  notice  requested  them 
to  do,  they  would  come  up  and  see  me. 

Mr.  Walsh.  They  would  see  you  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Well,  I  would  be  in  the  office,  the  only  one,  and 
I  would  say  to  them,  "The  procedure  is  for  you  to  write  a  letter  stating 
your  qualifications,  and  then  it  will  be  processed  and  passed  upon." 
And  that  is  the  only  kind  of  interview  I  had.  I  never  interviewed 
anyone  as  to  his  qualifications  to  receive  a  grant  or  as  to  his  compe- 
tence in  any  special  field.  All  I  did  was  tell  them  that  this  is  the  way 
you  go  about  it. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  the  people  whom  I  have  mentioned,  Kaplan,  Mag- 
doff,  and  Rubinstein,  confer  with  you  as  to  the  qualifications  of  an 
applicant  for  a  grant  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  For  how  long,  in  years,  have  you  been  representing 
The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Since  it  was  founded  about  2%  years  ago,  and  I 
can't  tell  you  the  exact  date. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Now,  could  you  tell  us  who  was  the  first  individual 
that  came  to  you  at  that  time  and  asked  you  whether  or  not  you 
would  represent  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  as  a  lawyer  ? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0  111 

Mr.  Needleman.  There  was  no  such  arrangement,  a  single 
individual. 

Mr.  Walsh.  You  had  known  Irving  Kaplan  and  Harry  Magdoff 
and  Annette  Kubinstein  for  quite  some  time  prior  to  the  time  that 
they  came  to  you  and  asked  for  mailing  space  in  your  office? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes. 

Mr.  Walsh.  How  long  had  you  known  Annette  Kubinstein  prior 
to  the  time  that  they  came  to  you  to  hire  you  as  their  attorney  for 
The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  have  known  her  about  15  or  20  years. 

Mr.  Walsh.  15  or  20 years? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  FoRER.  He  has  known  her  about  15  or  20  years. 

Mr.  Walsh.  How  long  have  you  known  Harry  Magdoff  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  would  sa}^  about  25  years. 

Mr.  Walsh.  And  Irving  Kaplan  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Over  25  years. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Have  you  ever  heard,  knowing  these  individuals  as 
long  as  you  have,  that  any  of  them,  referring  to  Irving  Kaplan,  Harry 
Magdoff,  and  Annette  Rubinstein,  that  they  were  members  of  the 
Communist  Party? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  know  that  years  ago  there  was  such  a  charge, 
but  I  personally  did  not  know  that. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Would  you  just  inform  the  committee  what  you  heard  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  I  will  not  inform  the  committee  what  I  heard, 
because  it  goes  back  25  years  ago,  and  I  don't  know. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Will  you  inform  the  committee  as  to  the  person  you 
heard  about  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  There  were  hearings  before  this  committee  and 
there  were  hearings  before  other  committees,  and  I  know  that  they 
were  in  the  press. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  you  also  hear  that  they  took  the  fifth  amend- 
ment at  these  various  hearings,  including  this  one  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  was  there  when  they  took  it. 

Mr.  Walsh.  You  know  that  of  your  own  personal  knowledge? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  At  the  time  that  they  came  to  you  to  represent  them 
and  The  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  were  you  a  member  of  the  Commu- 
nist Party  ? 

Mr.  Needleman-.  I  don't  see  that  that  is  pertinent,  Mr.  Walsh.  Do 
you  want  to  smear  me  now  ? 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  am  not  smearing  anybody,  I  am  asking  you  a 
question. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  don't  think  that  is  pertinent  to  the  Fund. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  I  ask  you  to  direct  the  witness. 

The  Chahiman.  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Needleman.  You  would  ask  the  chairman  to  send  me  to  jail, 
if  you  could. 

The  Chairman.  Well,  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Isn't  that  a  fact,  you  are  smiling,  but  that  is  a 
fact. 

72930—61 9 


112  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    19  50 

Mr.  JoHANSEN.  I  will  ask  the  chairman  that  the  witness  be  directed 
to  answer  the  question. 

The  Chairman.  I  directed  the  witness  to  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  would  like  to  consult  counsel. 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  respectfully  decline  to  answer  that  question,  first, 
on  the  ground  that  it  is  an  attempt  to  expose  me  or  smear  me  as  an 
attorney,  solely  for  the  purpose  of  exposure,  and  it  has  no  relevancy 
to  this  inquiry  as  to  the  Fund,  and  I  indicated  to  the  committee  that 
I  wasn't  a  member  of  the  Fund  and,  therefore,  whether  or  not  I  were 
a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  could  not  possibly  affect  your 
investigation  of  this  Fund.  So  it  is  a  smear  and  indirectly  attempt- 
ing to  interfere  with  my  attorney-client  relationship. 

I  also  decline  to  answer  that  question  on  the  constitutional  privilege 
of  the  first  and  fifth  amendments. 

The  Chairman.  This  committee  has  been  informed,  and  we  have 
every  reason  to  believe  that  our  information  is  correct,  that  you, 
together  with  others,  organized  this  Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  and 
we  would  like  to  know  something  about  it.  We  have  also  received  the 
allegation  that  you,  and  everyone  connected  with  The  Fund  for 
Social  Analysis,  are  Communists  and  it  is  our  duty,  under  the  mandate 
of  the  Congress,  when  this  committee  was  constituted  by  unanimous 
vote,  to  look  into  this  very  question. 

Is  this  allegation  concerning  you  and  your  associates  correct? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Now,  Mr.  Walter,  whatever  your  rights  may  be 
to  investigate  people  connected  with  the  Fund 

The  Chairman.  I  am  not  talking  about  rights  now,  I  am  talking 
about  duties.  Is  our  information,  as  a  result  of  wliich  you  are  here, 
is  our  information  correct  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Mr.  Walter,  I  can  understand  you  hnve  a  duty, 
if  you  are  investigating  the  Fund,  to  know  about  the  Fund  people. 

The  Chairman.  Will  you  answer  my  question  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  How  does  it  affect  me,  who  has  told  you  that  I 
was  attorney  for  the  Fund  ? 

The  Chairman.  Will  you  answer  my  question  ?  Is  this  allegation 
that  you,  and  everyone  connected  with  The  Fund,  got  together  and 
set  up  this  organization  and  that  all  of  you  are  Communists  ?  Is  that 
correct  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  will  stick  by  the  answer  I  just  gave. 

The  Chairman.  "Wliat  is  that  answer? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Do  you  want  me  to  repeat  it  or  do  you  want  to 
have  him  read  it  ? 

The  Chairman.  You  declined  to  answer  on  the  grounds  of  the  first 
and  fifth  amendments  of  the  Constitution  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  it  is  not  relevant,  material,  and  pertinent, 
and  on  the  grounds  that  it  violates  my  attorney-client  privilege  and 
it  is  an  attempt  to  smear  me  and  also  on  the  first  and  fifth  amend- 
ments. 

The  Chairman.  It  is  not  an  attempt  to  smear  you  at  all. 

Mr.  Needleman.  You  don't  need  information  as  to  whether  I  am 
a  Communist,  when  you  are  investigating  a  fund,  Mr.  Walter.  Don't 
kid  me,  or  don't  kid  the  public.     This  is  an  attempt  to  smear  me. 

The  Chairman.  What  purpose  would  we  have  in  smearing  you? 
We  are  merel v  asking  vou. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    195  0  113 

Mr.  Walsh.  Mr.  Needleman,  did  you  know  a  man  by  the  name  of 
John  Lautner,  when  he  was  head  of  the  New  York  State  Control  Com- 
mission of  the  Connnunist  Party  in  1947  until  he  was  expelled  from 
the  party,  in  1950  ? 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr,  Needleman".  I  will  decline  to  answer. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Do  you  understand  the  question  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes;  and  I  decline  to  answer  that  question  on 
the  grounds  previously  stated. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Were  you  a  member  of  Section  22  of  the  Communist 
Party,  when  Sam  Brown  was  the  head  of  that  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Now,  this  is  not  a  smear ;  is  it  ? 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  am  asking  you  a  question. 

Mr.  Needleman.  What  relevance  has  that  question  to  the  purposes 
enunciated  by  the  chairman?  I  know  you  are  asking  me  a  question, 
but  tell  me  what  relevance  it  has?  I  am  not  a  member  of  the  Fmid 
and  I  testified  under  oath  I  am  not  a  member  of  the  Fund. 

Mr.  DoTi^.  May  I  ask,  don't  you  think  that  under  our  assignment 
by  Congress,  that  it  is  always  pertinent  for  us  to  ask  a  man  whether 
or  not  lie  is  a  Communist  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No ;  I  do  not. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Isn't  that  part  of  our  duty  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No  ;  I  do  not.  As  I  understand  it,  a  person  has  a 
right  to  be  a  Communist  if  he  wants  to  be  without  this  committee 
inquiring  as  to  his  political  affiliations,  and  it  is  only  when  you  have  a 
legitimate  legislative  purpose. 

Mr.  DoTLE,  I  won't  argue  with  you. 

Mr.  Needleman.  You  mean  you  could  pick  a  man  off  the  street  and 
call  him  in  and  say,  "Are  you  a  Communist?"  Do  you  concede  that 
to  be  your  duty,  JNIr.  Doyle  ? 

Mr.  DoTLE.  No ;  of  course  not. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Well,  that  is  what  you  are  saying. 

Mr.  Doyle.  You  Iniow  better  than  that. 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  what  you  said. 

Mr.  Doy^le.  Why  do  you  make  light  of  a  thing  like  that  ?  You  know 
better  than  that. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Will  you  answer  the  pending  question  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  decline  on  the  same  ground  previously  stated. 

Mr.  Walsh.  "VYlien  Mr.  Lautner  was  the  head  of  the  State  Con- 
trol Commission  of  the  Communist  Party,  did  you  intercede  with  him 
at  a  restaurant  on  12th  Street  and  University  Place  in  the  city  of 
New  York  for  a  woman  by  the  name  of  Miriam  Moskowitz,  who  was 
the  secretary  to  Abraham  Brothman? 

Mr.  FoRER.  May  we  have  the  date  when  this  was  supposed  to  occur  ? 

Mr.  Walsh.  Iii  1948. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  decline  on  the  same  ground. 

The  Chairman.  Let  us  proceed,  Mr.  Walsh. 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  show  you,  Mr.  Needleman,  a  photostatic  document  of 
a  form  which  must  be  filed  under  the  Foreign  Agents  Registration  Act 
of  1938,  as  amended,  with  the  Department  of  Justice,  and  ask  you  to 
look  at  that  and  tell  me  whether  or  not  you  recognize  it;  filed  Novem- 
ber 7,  1960. 


114  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES   CONTROL    ACT   OF    1950 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  FoRER.  You  are  not  going  into  a  completely  different  organi- 
zation, are  you? 

Mr.  Needleman.  This  is  the  Four  Continent  Book  Corporation, 
and  you  are  not  investigating  them  at  this  moment. 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  am  asking  you  whether  or  not  you  recognize  the 
document  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  think  clearly  this  question  has  nothing  to  do 
with  this  investigation,  and  it  is  practically  an  impertinent  question, 
and  certainly  irrelevant  and  I  decline  to  answer  on  that  ground. 

Mr.  ScHERER.  I  ask  you  to  direct  the  witness  to  answer  the  question. 

Mr.  Doyle  (presiding).  You  are  directed  to  answer  the  question, 
Mr.  Witness. 

Mr.  FoRER.  Are  you  the  chairman  now  ? 

Mr.  Doyle.  Just  for  a  minute  or  two,  while  the  chairman  is  busy 
in  another  part  of  the  hearing  room. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes ;  I  recognize  this  document. 

Mr.  Walsh.  May  I  have  this  document  marked  "Needleman  Ex- 
hibit No.  1." 

(Document  marked  "Needleman  Exhibit  No.  1,"  for  identification 
purposes,  and  retained  in  committee  files.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  Would  you  hold  it  a  moment?  I  want  to  make 
a  note  of  the  exhibit. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Exhibit  No.  1  was  filed  on  November  7,  1960. 

Mr.  FoRER.  That  is  a  registration  of  the  Four  Continent  Book  Shop ; 
is  that  right,  a  corporation  ? 

Mr.  Walsh.  Yes. 

Mr.  FoRER.  A  corporation  to  distribute  books,  or  something? 

Mr.  Walsh.  That  is  correct. 

I  now  show  you  another  photostatic  document  filed  with  the  De- 
partment of  Justice  under  the  Foreign  Agents  Registration  Act  of 
1938,  and  ask  you  whether  or  not  you  recognize  that  form  filed 
November  25, 1960? 

(The  document  was  handed  to  the  witness.) 

(The  witness  conferred  with  his  counsel.) 

Mr.  Needleman.  Mr.  Chairman,  in  answer  to  the  question  whether 
I  recognize  this,  I  would  like  you  to  take  a  look  at  it  and  see  whether  I 
am  not  correct  in  objecting  to  this  on  the  ground  that  it  is  totally 
irrelevant  to  the  purposes  which  you  enunciated.  It  has  to  do  with 
Four  Continent  Book  Corporation  and  I  would  like  you  to  look  at  it 
and  see  if  it  isn't  irrelevant. 

The  Chahiman.  We  are  the  judge  of  the  pertinency  of  evidence,  and 
we  think  that  this  is  pertinent.  If  you  don't  care  to  answer  it  for 
constitutional  reasons,  that  is  your  privilege,  but  as  far  as  relevancy 
and  pertinency  are  concerned 

Mr.  Needleman.  It  is  a  new  corporation  entirely,  and  you  didn't 
even  mention  this  company. 

The  Chahiman.  I  understand. 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  answer  is  "Yes." 

(Document  marked  "Needleman  Exhibit  No.  2,"  for  identification 
purposes,  and  retained  in  committee  files.) 

Mr.  Walsh.  And  I  show  you  page  3  of  Exhibit  2,  and  ask  you 
whether  or  not  that  is  a  photostatic  copy  of  your  signature  there  ? 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  115 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  my  signature. 

Exhibit  2  was  my  own  statement,  is  that  right  ? 

Mr.  Walsh.  Yes,  as  the  agent  for  the  Four  Continent  Book  Corpo- 
ration. Would  you  be  kind  enough  to  tell  the  committee  what  the 
Four  Continent  Book  Corporation  is  and  what  it  does  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  am  the  attorney  for  the  Four  Continent  Book 
Corporation  and  it  is  a  violation  of  my  attorney-client  privilege  to 
discuss  any  dealings  I  have  with  them.  Yes,  I  am  on  the  board,  too, 
but  I  am  the  counsel  for  them. 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  am  not  asking  you  what  advice  you  give  them,  I  am 
asking  you  what  the  Four  Continent  Book  Corporation  does  and  what 
its  function  is. 

Mr.  Needleman.  It  sells  books  which  it  imports  from  Russia.  It 
may  import  other  books,  I  don't  know,  but  I  know  the  main  part  of  its 
business  is  books  imported  from  Russia,  which  it  sells  here. 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  notice  on  Exhibit  1,  the  following  individual  listed 
as  director,  pursuant  to  the  Foreign  Agents  Registration  Act  of  1938 : 
Serge  P.  Ushakoff. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes. 

Mr.  Walsh.  He  is  president  and  treasurer ;  is  he  not  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Who  is  he? 

Mr.  Needleman.  He  is  president  and  treasurer  of  Four  Continent 
Book  Corporation. 

Mr.  Walsh.  What  other  business  is  he  in,  if  you  know  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  should  say  I  knew  he  once  was  in  the  fur  business, 
but  at  the  moment  that  is  the  only  business  I  know  him  to  be  in. 

Mr.  Walsh.  How  did  he  become  president  and  treasurer  of  the  Four 
Continent  Book  Corporation  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  In  the  light  of  what  I  have  told  the  committee, 
that  I  am  counsel  for  Four  Continent  Book  Corporation,  is  this  a 
pertinent  question,  or  is  this  a  question  that  doesn't  violate  the 
attorney-client  relationship  ? 

The  Chairman.  I  think  it  is  entirely  material,  if  you  ask  me. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Are  you  not  also  a  director  of  this  Four  Continent 
Book  Corporation? 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  same  thing,  the  same  answer,  I  object  to  it,  it 
is  irrelevant  to  the  purposes  of  this  inquiry,  and  it  violates  the 
attorney-client  relationship. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Now,  Mr.  Needleman,  I  also  notice  on  Exhibit  No.  2, 
under  section  9,  that  you  are  also  legal  advisor  to  the  Amtorg  Trad- 
ing Corporation,  on  a  "per  matter  basis,"  is  that  true  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  true. 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  also  notice,  sir,  that  on  Exhibit  2,  page  2,  Question 
No.  5,  which  you  are  supposed  to  answer : 

All  clubs,  societies,  committees,  and  other  nonbusiness  organizations  in  the 
United  States  or  elsewhere,  including  any  active  or  reserve  military  or  naval 
forces,  of  which  you  have  been  a  member,  director,  officer,  or  employee  during 
the  past  2  years. 

Your  answer  to  Question  5  in  Exhibit  No.  2  is : 

I  INVOKE  5TH  AMENDMENT  AS  TO  THIS  QUESTION. 

Did  you  so  state  in  this  application  ? 
Mr.  Needleman.  Yes. 


116  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

Mr.  Walsh.  I  also  note  here  that  your  full  name  is  Isidore 
Gibby 

Mr.  Needleman.  You  knew  it  before,  I  told  you. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Did  John  Lautner  also  call  you  "Gibby"  when  you 
knew  him,  as  I  asked  you  before? 
.^'   Mr.  FoRER.  The  record  doesn't  show  it. 

Mr.  Walsh.  He  took  the  fifth  amendment  on  that,  and  I  am  asking 
him  whether  John  Lautner  called  him  "Gibby". 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  give  the  same  answer  to  that  as  I  gave  when 
you  asked  me  about  Mr.  Lautner. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Is  it  true  that  the  Four  Continent  Book  Corporation 
imports  all  Soviet  printed  books  and  magazines  into  this  country  2 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  have  no  objection  to  answering  that. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Which  contain  propaganda  matter  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  don't  read  the  stuff,  but  I  still  think  this  is 
going  far  afield,  and  has  no  relevancy  to  the  purposes  which  you 
enunciated. 

Now,  Mr.  Chairman 

The  Chah^man.  Just  a  minute,  this  is  directly  to  the  point. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  am  called  in  reference  to  the  Fund. 

The  CHAniMAN.  Oh,  no. 

Mr.  Needleman.  Do  you  want  an  answer  to  that.  I  will  answer  it 
and  I  don't  want  to  get  into  an  argument.  What  is  the  question, 
please  ? 

(The  pending  question  was  read  by  the  reporter.) 
'  Mr.  Needleman.  I  know  it  imports  books  obtained  from  the  Soviet 
Union,  and  I  do  not  know  what  those  books  contain  except  that  I 
have  bought  books  that  didn't  contain  Communist  propaganda,  like 
the  dictionary,  but  beyond  that,  I  do  not  Iniow  the  contents  of  the 
books. 
i    Mr.  Doyle.  Is  that  the  Soviet  dictionary  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  The  Russian  dictionary,  Russian-English  diction- 
ary, and  it  has  both.  At  one  time  I  thought  I  would  study  Russian, 
but  it  is  too  hard. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Mr.  Needleman,  on  that  first  form.  Exhibit  1,  the  name 
of  the  foreign  principal,  and  I  will  have  to  just  spell  it,  is  Mezhduna- 
rodnaja  Kniga.    Do  you  know  who  that  is  or  what  corporation  it  is? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Again,  I  want  to  say  I  have  no  objection  to  an- 
swering it,  Mr.  Walsh,  but  I  think  it  is  going  far  afield  to  ask 

Mr.  Walsh.  Will  you  answer  the  question  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  — to  ask  the  relationship  between  myself  as  an 
attorney  for  Four  Continent  Books.  It  is  the  organization,  to  the 
best  of  my  laiowledge,  it  is  the  organization  that  handles  books,  pub- 
lishing— not  publishing,  but  distribution  of  books  from  the  Soviet 
Union. 

Mr.  Walsh.  In  other  countries? 

The  Chahiman.  The  distribution  of  books  from  the  Soviet  Union? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  it  handles  books  that  are  distributed  from 
the  Soviet  Union,  not  only  to  the  United  States,  but  all  over,  and  I 
understand  that  is  the  general  distribution  agency  in  the  Soviet  Union. 
This  is  based  on  hearsay,  and  I  never  met  them. 

Mr.  Walsh.  You  are  a  director  of  this  corporation  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  am  a  formal  director,  to  make  three. 


SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950  117 

Mr.  Walsh.  You  are  a  director? 

Mr,  Needleman.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  But  does  this  corporation  that  I  have  just  spelled 
out  for  you,  and  I  can't  pronounce  it,  is  that  located  in  the  Soviet 
Union  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  And  does  that  corporation  own  any  of  the  stock  of  the 
Four  Continent  Book  Corporation  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Who  are  the  principal  stockholders  of  this  Four  Con- 
tinent Book  Corporation  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  believe  only  Mr.  Ushakoff  owns  all  of  the  stock, 
but  don't  hold  me  in  contempt  or  perjury  if  Mrs.  UshakoH'  holds  a 
fews  shares. 

Mr.  Walsh.  She  is  also  a  director  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh,  Do  you  own  any  stock  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Is  it  also  one  of  the  functions  of  the  Four  Continent 
Book  Corporation  to  make  purchases  of  books,  magazines — technical 
and  scientific  and  trade  magazines — and  send  them  to  the  Soviet 
Union  or  to  this  corporation  which  owns  the  Four  Continent  Book 
Corporation  ? 

Mr,  Needleman.  It  used  to  do  a  lot  of  that,  and  I  think  it  does  not 
do  as  much  now,  I  think  Ave  will  refer  to  that  big  name  as  "MK,"  as  it 
is  generally  known  by,  that  this  organization  places  orders  direct  with 
publishers  here,  but  they  do  do  some  of  it,  still. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Do  you  have  anything  to  do  with  the  placing  of  the 
orders  with  scientific  magazines  or  business  magazines? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Nothmg, 

Mr.  Doyle,  Do  you  know  the  other  continents  to  which  these  books 
are  distributed  through  this  corporation?  What  other  continents, 
or  is  there  any  significance  in  its  name,  "Four  Continent"  ? 

Mr.  Needleman,  No;  they  just  happened  to  pick  that. 

Mr.  Doyle.  It  is  just  the  United  States  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Yes,  sir. 

Mr.  FoREK.  I  wish  you  would  ask  him,  my  curiosity  is  killing  me, 
I  want  someone  to  ask  him,  why  not  five  contments. 

Mr,  Scheker,  You  can  ask  him. 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  didn't  represent  them  when  it  was  incorporated. 

Mr.  Walsh.  Are  you  now  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party,  sir  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Smile  when  you  say  it.  I  will  decline  to  answer 
on  the  same  grounds  previously  stated. 

The  Chairman,  Is  that  all  ? 

Mr.  Walsh.  That  is  all. 

Mr.  Doyle.  I  have  a  question.  As  you  know,  I  was  an  attorney 
before  I  came  to  Congress  about  15  years  ago,  and  I  am  interested  in 
your  statement  that  you  were  counsel  for  these  witnesses  you  repre- 
sented here  in  May,  and  I  was  present  part  of  the  time. 

When  did  the  relationship  of  attorney  and  client  between  you  and 
the  Fund,  which  you  have  testified  was  a  loose  group — when  was  that 
relationship  established  ? 


118  SUBVERSIVE    ACTIVITIES    CONTROL    ACT    OF    1950 

Mr.  Needleman.  Eight  from  the  organization  of  the  Fund— from 
the  commencement  of  the  activities  of  the  Fund. 

Mr.  Doyle.  When  was  tliat  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  About  21/2  years  ago,  and  I  don't  want  to  be  held 
to  the  date,  and  I  can't  recall  the  exact  date. 

Mr.  Doyle.  Wlio  was  present  at  that  organization  meeting,  besides 
you  ?  *" 

Mr.  Needleman.  Several  of  the  individuals. 
Mr.  Doyle.  Who? 

Mr.  Needleman.  I  think  as  to  that,  it  is  an  attorney-client  relation- 
ship. 

Mr.  Doyle.  How  did  you  know  that  the  mail,  which  you  stated  Mr. 
Kaplan  picked  up  on  the  table  in  a  room  in  your  office,  was  bank 
statements  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  They  come  in  a  large  yellow  envelope,  easily  rec- 
ognizable, and  it  has  the  bank  name  on  it. 

Mr.  JoHANSEN.  I  have  just  one  or  two  questions. 

Oyer  how  long  a  period  was  the  mail  for  The  Fund  for  Social 
Analysis  received  in  your  office  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  Ever  since  its  inception,  which  I  indicated  mv  best 
recollection  is  about  2i^  years. 

Mr.  Johansen.  And  yet  I  want  to  establish  that  it  is  your  testimony 
that  at  no  tune,  never,  did  you  see  anyone  pick  up  that  mail  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  That  is  correct. 

Mr.  Johansen.  Was  it  by  prearrangement,  so  that  you  wouldn't 
be  there  when  it  was  picked  up  ? 

Mr.  Needleman.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Johansen.  That  is  all. 

The  Chairman.  That  is  all.    The  committee  will  stand  adiourned 

( Whereupon,  at  11 :15  a.m.,  Wednesday,  August  16,  1961,  the  sub- 
committee was  recessed,  subject  to  call  of  the  Chair  ) 


INDEX 


Individuals 

A  Page 

Albertson,  William 78 

Allen,  James  S 77 

Aptheker,  Herbert 1,  2,  19,  20,  28,  51,  52,  56,  60,  63,  71-83  (testimony),  84 

B 

Baran,  Paul  A 1,  28,  48,  60 

Bittelman,  Alexander  (alias  Raphael) 74 

Blumberg,  Albert  (Emanuel) 75 

Boudin,  Leonard  B 61 

Brothman,  Abraham  (Abe) 113 

Brown,  Sam 113 

C 

Canon,  Robert  Wishart 64 

Coe,  Frank.     (See  Coe,  Virginius  Frank.) 

Coe,  Virginius  Frank 15,  33,  57,  62,  95 

Colon,  Jesus 77 

D 

Davis,  Benjamin  J 74 

Dennis,  Eugene 74 

D'Long,  Samuel 77 

Dorfman,  Philip 94 

Dunham,  Barrows 2,  22,  29,  94-98  (testimony) 

Durham,  Earl  (L.) 75 

E 

Emspak,  JuUus  ^  (aUas  Juniper) 22 

F 

Faulkner,  Stanley 71 

Finkelstein,  Sidney 77 

Fine,  Fred  M 74,  75 

Flynn,  EHzabeth  Gurley 74 

Forer,  Joseph 101 

G 

Gannett,  Betty 78 

Gates,  John 75 

Gluck,  Jonah 77 

Green,  Gil  (Gilbert) 74 

J 

Jackson,  James  (E.) 74 

Jerome,  V.  J.  (Victor  Jeremy)  (born  Jerome  Isaac  Remain;  also  known  as 

Roman) 74 

Johnson,  Arnold 74 

K 

Kaplan,  Irving 1,  7,  8,  15,  22, 

29,  33,  36-54  (testimony),  62,  103-105,  107,  108,  110,  111,  118 

Keeney,  Mary  Jane  (Mrs.  Philip  O.  Keeney) 14-16 

Klein,  Henry 77 

'AppearSjasJJules. 


ii  INDEX 

L  Page 

Lane,  Joseph 78 

Lautner,  John 2,  113,  116 

Lewis,  Gordon  K 28 

Lumer,  Hyman 74,  77,  80,  84 

M 

Magdoff,  Harry  Samuel 1,  2,  7,  8,  15,  22,  29,  33, 

47,  54-61  (testimony),  62,  69,  70,  83,  104,  105,  107,  108,  110,  111 

Moon,  Rexford  G.,  Jr 85 

Moore,  Stanley  Williams 2,  15,  33,  58,  61-65  (testimony),  83 

Moskowitz,  Miriam 2,  113 

Murray,  James  E 85 

N 

Needleman,  Isidore  Gibby 2,  0.  36,  59,  60,  97,  101-118  (testimony) 

Nixon,  Russell  Arthur 2,  15,  22,  29,  33,  57,  62,  65,  66-71  (testimony) 

.  '  O 

Owen,  Marjorie  Jean  (Mrs.  Homer  Leroy  Owen) 63,  64 

P 

Patterson,  William 77 

Perlo,  Victor 78 

Perry,  Pettis 74 

Potash,  Irving 74 

R 
Rubinstein,  Annette  T 1, 

6-36  (testimony),  54,  57,  62,  99,  104,  105,  107,  108,  110,  111 

S 

Selsam,  Howard 78 

Shoul,  Bernice 29 

Sklar,  Martin  J 28 

Stein,  Sid 74 

Sweezy,  Paul  M 28 

T 
Thompson,  Robert  (Bob) 74 

U 

Ushakoff,  Serge  P 115,  117 

Ushakofif  (Sofia)   (Mrs.  Serge  P.) 117 

W 

Walsh,  J.  Raymond 15,  33,  62 

Weinstock,  Louis 74 

Williams,  WilHam  Appleman 28 

Winston,  Henry 74 

Organizations 

A 
Academy  Hall  (New  York  City; 76 

Amalgamated  Bank  of  New  York,  The 1,  7,  8,  37,  42,  44 

American  Christian  Youth  Movement 87 

American  Committee  for  Protection  of  Foreign  Born 4,  100 

American-Russian  Trading  Corp.  (Amtorg) 115 

American  Youth  Congress 86,  87 

Amtorg.     (See  American-Russian  Trading  Corp.)  -    - 

B 

Barnard  College  (New  York  City) 61,63 

Birch  Society.     (See  John  Birch  Society.) 


INDEX 


CIO.     (See  Congress  of  Industrial  Organizations.)  I'aee 

Cambridge  University  (England) , 62 

Charles  University  (Prague,  Czechoslovakia) 32 

College  Scholarship  Service 85 

Columbia  University  (New  York  City) 62,  72 

Committee  for  a  Sane  Nuclear  Policy  (SANE) 86 

Communist  Party  of  the  United  States  of  America: 

National  Structure :  _ . , -^o ,  -.-.j:.:  t\  -  .,  1 1  .i , ' 

Administrative  Committee '^'^^--,ui^liTi-i'^^J--4^ 74,  75 

Education  Committee 75 

Executive  Committee 74 

National  Committee 1,2,  19,20,52,56,63,68,72-75,81,84 

Appeals  Committee 74 

Committee  on  Publications 74 

National  Conventions  and  Conferences: 

Sixteenth  Convention,  February  9-12,  1957,  New  York  City 74 

States  and  Territories: 
New  York  State: 

Control  Commission 2,  113 

New  York  City  Area:  il-iu*"!  >  (i;>jUu 

New  York  County  (Manhattan) :  ■      - 

Section  22 113 

Oregon: 

Portland: 

Financial  Commission ^_ 63,  64 

Professional  Club 63,  64 

Congress  of  Industrial  Organizations  (CIO) ^ —  86 

E 

East  River  Savings  Bank  of  the  City  of  New  York 18,  19,  39,  43-45,  48,  53 

Electrical,  Radio  &  Machine  Workers  of  America,  United  (UE) 66,70 

F 

Faculty  of  Social  Science,  The . 2,  32,  33,  81,  82 

Fellowship  of  Reconciliation 86 

Four  Continent  Book  Corp 114-117 

Four  Continent  Book  Shop.     (See  Four  Continent  Book  Corp.) 
Friends  {See  Religious  Society  of  Friends.) 

Fund  for  Social  Analysis,  The 1-118 

Administrative  Committee 7-9,  11,  55 

Board  of  Directors 18,  57 

Committee  on  Awards 2, 

8,  13,  15,  22,  23,  25-28,  33,  50-53,  55-58,  61,  62,  66,  68,  72,  94^97 

G 

Guggenheim  Foundation.     {See  John  Simon  Guggenheim  Memorial  Foun- 
dation.) 

H 

Harvard  University 62,  63 

Humboldt  University  (East  Berlin) : 32 


International    Book    Publishing    Association    (Mezhdunarodnaja    Kniga) 

(MK) 116,  117 

J 

Jefferson  School  of  Social  Science 1,  2,  32,  33,  81,  82 

John  Birch  Society,  The 102 

John   Simon    Guggenheim    Memorial   Foundation    (Guggenheim   Founda- 
tion)          71 

L 
Labor  Youth  League 84,  88 


iT  INDEX 

M 

Mezhdunarodnaja  Kniga  (also  known  as  MK).     (See  International  Book 

Publishing  Association.) 
"MK."     (See  International  Book  Publishing  Association.) 

N 

Page 
National  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Colored  People  (NAACP)-.         86 

National  Social  Welfare  Agency 86 

National    Student    Association.     (See    United    States    National    Student 
Association.) 

New  Century  Publishers 73 

New  School  for  Social  Research  (New  York  City) 62 

New  York  Council  To  Abolish  The  House  Un-American  Activities  Com- 
mittee   59,  69,  70 

New  York  School  for  Marxist  Studies,  The 2,  75-81 

SCOPE  Classes  (see  also  Student  Committee  on  Progressive  Educa- 
tion)   76,78-80 

R 

Reed  CoUege  (Portland,  Oreg.) 63-65 

Religious  Society  of  Friends 86 

S 

Shakespeare  Society  (Prague,  Czechoslovakia) 32 

Socialist  Party  (of  the  United  States) 88 

Southern  Negro  Youth  Congress 86 

Steelworkers  of  America,  United 86 

Student  Committee  on  Progressive  Education   (SCOPE)    (see  also  New 

York  School  for  Marxist  Studies,  SCOPE  Classes) 79,  80,  88 

U 
U.S.  Government: 

Subversive  Activities  Control  Board  (SACB) 32,  82,  100 

Treasury  Department: 

Internal  Revenue  Service 4,  5,  100,  101 

United  States  National  Student  Association 87 

University  of  California  (Berkeley,  Calif.) 62,  63,  65 

University  of  Jena  (East  Germany) 32 

University  of  Leipzig  (East  Germany) 32 

University  of  Rostock  (East  Germany) 32 

University  of  Warsaw  (Poland) 32 

W 
World  Youth  Festival: 

Seventh  Youth  Festival,  July  26- August  4,  1959,  Vienna 87 

Y 

Young  Communist  League,  U.S.  A 86 

Young  Democratic  Clubs  of  America,  National  Committee 67 

Young  Men's  Christian  Association  (YMCA) 86 

Young  People's  Socialist  League  (YPSL) 88 

Young  Socialist  Alliance,  Trotskyite 88 

Young  Women's  Christian  Association  (YWCA) 86 

Youth  March  on  Washington  (April  18,  1959) 86,  87 


Challenge.. 


Publications 
C 


D 
Daily  Worker 74 


INDEX 


G 


Great  Tradition  in  English  Literature  From  Shakespeare  to  Shaw,  The      Page 
^  (book) 32 

J 

Jewish  Currents 31 

Journal  of  Politics ^° 

M 
Mainstream 14,  15,  73 

N 

Negro  Slave  Revolts  (in  the  United  States,  1526-1860)  (book) 28 

New  York  Times 20,21 

O 
On  Party  Youth  Work  (article) 80,84-91 

P 

Political  Affairs 2,73-75,80,84,90 

Political  Economy  of  Growth  (book) 28 

Political  Quarterly  of  London 28 

Q 

Quarterly  Journal  of  Economics 29 

S 

Shaping  American  Diplomacy;   (Readings  and  Documents  in  American 

Foreign  Relations)  1750-1955  (book) 28 

T 
Tragedy  of  American  Diplomacy,  The  (book) 28 

W 

Western  Political  Quarterly 28 

Worker,  The 88 

o 


I 


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